Asperger's Syndrome: Difference between revisions

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Asperger syndrome or Asperger's syndrome or Asperger disorder (Template:IPAc-en^[1] or Template:IPAc-en^[2]) is an autism spectrum disorder that is characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. It differs from other autism spectrum disorders by its relative preservation of linguistic and cognitive development. Although not required for diagnosis, physical clumsiness and atypical use of language are frequently reported.^[3]^[4]

Asperger syndrome is named after the Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger who, in 1944, studied and described children in his practice who lacked nonverbal communication skills, demonstrated limited empathy with their peers, and were physically clumsy.^[5] Fifty years later, it was standardized as a diagnosis, but many questions remain about aspects of the disorder.^[6] For example, there is doubt about whether it is distinct from high-functioning autism (HFA);^[7] partly because of this, its prevalence is not firmly established.^[3] It has been proposed that the diagnosis of Asperger's be eliminated, to be replaced by a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder on a severity scale.^[8]

The exact cause is unknown, although research supports the likelihood of a genetic basis; brain imaging techniques have not identified a clear common pathology.^[3] There is no single treatment, and the effectiveness of particular interventions is supported by only limited data.^[3] Intervention is aimed at improving symptoms and function. The mainstay of management is behavioral therapy, focusing on specific deficits to address poor communication skills, obsessive or repetitive routines, and physical clumsiness.^[9] Most children improve as they mature to adulthood, but social and communication difficulties may persist.^[6] Some researchers and people with Asperger's have advocated a shift in attitudes toward the view that it is a difference, rather than a disability that must be treated or cured.^[10]^[11]

Classification

Asperger syndrome (AS) is one of the autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), which are a spectrum of psychological conditions that are characterized by abnormalities of social interaction and communication that pervade the individual's functioning, and by restricted and repetitive interests and behavior. Like other psychological development disorders, ASD begins in infancy or childhood, has a steady course without remission or relapse, and has impairments that result from maturation-related changes in various systems of the brain.^[12] ASD, in turn, is a subset of the broader autism phenotype (BAP), which describes individuals who may not have ASD but do have autistic-like traits, such as social deficits.^[13] Of the other four ASD forms, autism is the most similar to AS in signs and likely causes but its diagnosis requires impaired communication and allows delay in cognitive development; Rett syndrome and childhood disintegrative disorder share several signs with autism but may have unrelated causes; and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) is diagnosed when the criteria for a more specific disorder are unmet.^[14]

The extent of the overlap between AS and high-functioning autism (HFA—autism unaccompanied by mental retardation) is unclear.^[7]^[15]^[16] The current ASD classification is to some extent an artifact of how autism was discovered,^[17] and may not reflect the true nature of the spectrum.^[18] One of the proposed changes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, set to be published in May 2013,^[19] would eliminate Asperger syndrome as a separate diagnosis, and fold it under autistic disorder (autism spectrum disorder), which would be rated on a severity scale.^[8] The proposed change is controversial,^[20]^[21]^[22] and it has been argued that the syndrome's diagnostic criteria should be changed instead.^[23]

Asperger syndrome is also called Asperger's syndrome (AS),^[3] Asperger (or Asperger's) disorder (AD),^[15]^[24] or just Asperger's.^[25] There is little consensus among clinical researchers about whether the condition's name should end in "syndrome" or "disorder".^[7]

Characteristics

A pervasive developmental disorder, Asperger syndrome is distinguished by a pattern of symptoms rather than a single symptom. It is characterized by qualitative impairment in social interaction, by stereotyped and restricted patterns of behavior, activities and interests, and by no clinically significant delay in cognitive development or general delay in language.^[24] Intense preoccupation with a narrow subject, one-sided verbosity, restricted prosody, and physical clumsiness are typical of the condition, but are not required for diagnosis.^[7]

Social interaction

Template:Further

The lack of demonstrated empathy is possibly the most dysfunctional aspect of Asperger syndrome.^[4] Individuals with AS experience difficulties in basic elements of social interaction, which may include a failure to develop friendships or to seek shared enjoyments or achievements with others (for example, showing others objects of interest), a lack of social or emotional reciprocity, and impaired nonverbal behaviors in areas such as eye contact, facial expression, posture, and gesture.^[3]

Unlike those with autism, people with AS are not usually withdrawn around others; they approach others, even if awkwardly. For example, a person with AS may engage in a one-sided, long-winded speech about a favorite topic, while misunderstanding or not recognizing the listener's feelings or reactions, such as a need for privacy or haste to leave.^[7] This social awkwardness has been called "active but odd".^[3] This failure to react appropriately to social interaction may appear as disregard for other people's feelings, and may come across as insensitive.^[7] However, not all individuals with AS will approach others. Some of them may even display selective mutism, speaking not at all to most people and excessively to specific people. Some may choose to talk only to people they like.^[26]

The cognitive ability of children with AS often allows them to articulate social norms in a laboratory context,^[3] where they may be able to show a theoretical understanding of other people's emotions; however, they typically have difficulty acting on this knowledge in fluid, real-life situations.^[7] People with AS may analyze and distill their observations of social interaction into rigid behavioral guidelines, and apply these rules in awkward ways, such as forced eye contact, resulting in a demeanor that appears rigid or socially naive. Childhood desire for companionship can become numbed through a history of failed social encounters.^[3]

The hypothesis that individuals with AS are predisposed to violent or criminal behavior has been investigated but is not supported by data.^[3]^[27] More evidence suggests children with AS are victims rather than victimizers.^[28] A 2008 review found that an overwhelming number of reported violent criminals with AS had coexisting psychiatric disorders such as schizoaffective disorder.^[29]

Restricted and repetitive interests and behavior

People with Asperger syndrome often display behavior, interests, and activities that are restricted and repetitive and are sometimes abnormally intense or focused. They may stick to inflexible routines, move in stereotyped and repetitive ways, or preoccupy themselves with parts of objects.^[24]

Pursuit of specific and narrow areas of interest is one of the most striking features of AS.^[3] Individuals with AS may collect volumes of detailed information on a relatively narrow topic such as weather data or star names, without necessarily having genuine understanding of the broader topic.^[3]^[7] For example, a child might memorize camera model numbers while caring little about photography.^[3] This behavior is usually apparent by grade school, typically age 5 or 6 in the United States.^[3] Although these special interests may change from time to time, they typically become more unusual and narrowly focused, and often dominate social interaction so much that the entire family may become immersed. Because narrow topics often capture the interest of children, this symptom may go unrecognized.^[7]

Stereotyped and repetitive motor behaviors are a core part of the diagnosis of AS and other ASDs.^[30] They include hand movements such as flapping or twisting, and complex whole-body movements.^[24] These are typically repeated in longer bursts and look more voluntary or ritualistic than tics, which are usually faster, less rhythmical and less often symmetrical.^[31]

Speech and language

Although individuals with Asperger syndrome acquire language skills without significant general delay and their speech typically lacks significant abnormalities, language acquisition and use is often atypical.^[7] Abnormalities include verbosity, abrupt transitions, literal interpretations and miscomprehension of nuance, use of metaphor meaningful only to the speaker, auditory perception deficits, unusually pedantic, formal or idiosyncratic speech, and oddities in loudness, pitch, intonation, prosody, and rhythm.^[3]

Three aspects of communication patterns are of clinical interest: poor prosody, tangential and circumstantial speech, and marked verbosity. Although inflection and intonation may be less rigid or monotonic than in autism, people with AS often have a limited range of intonation: speech may be unusually fast, jerky or loud. Speech may convey a sense of incoherence; the conversational style often includes monologues about topics that bore the listener, fails to provide context for comments, or fails to suppress internal thoughts. Individuals with AS may fail to monitor whether the listener is interested or engaged in the conversation. The speaker's conclusion or point may never be made, and attempts by the listener to elaborate on the speech's content or logic, or to shift to related topics, are often unsuccessful.^[7]

Children with AS may have an unusually sophisticated vocabulary at a young age and have been colloquially called "little professors", but have difficulty understanding figurative language and tend to use language literally.^[3] Children with AS appear to have particular weaknesses in areas of nonliteral language that include humor, irony, and teasing. Although individuals with AS usually understand the cognitive basis of humor, they seem to lack understanding of the intent of humor to share enjoyment with others.^[15] Despite strong evidence of impaired humor appreciation, anecdotal reports of humor in individuals with AS seem to challenge some psychological theories of AS and autism.^[32]. According to the Adult Asperger Assessment (AAA) diagnostic test, a lack of interest in fiction (written or drama) and the positive preference towards non-fiction is common among adults with the disorder, which might explain the lack of understanding regarding verbal symbolisms and nonliteral language^[33]^[34].

Other

Individuals with Asperger syndrome may have signs or symptoms that are independent of the diagnosis, but can affect the individual or the family.^[35] These include differences in perception and problems with motor skills, sleep, and emotions.

Individuals with AS often have excellent auditory and visual perception.^[36] Children with ASD often demonstrate enhanced perception of small changes in patterns such as arrangements of objects or well-known images; typically this is domain-specific and involves processing of fine-grained features.^[37] Conversely, compared to individuals with high-functioning autism, individuals with AS have deficits in some tasks involving visual-spatial perception, auditory perception, or visual memory.^[3] Many accounts of individuals with AS and ASD report other unusual sensory and perceptual skills and experiences. They may be unusually sensitive or insensitive to sound, light, and other stimuli;^[38] these sensory responses are found in other developmental disorders and are not specific to AS or to ASD. There is little support for increased fight-or-flight response or failure of habituation in autism; there is more evidence of decreased responsiveness to sensory stimuli, although several studies show no differences.^[39]

Hans Asperger's initial accounts^[3] and other diagnostic schemes^[40] include descriptions of physical clumsiness. Children with AS may be delayed in acquiring skills requiring motor dexterity, such as riding a bicycle or opening a jar, and may seem to move awkwardly or feel "uncomfortable in their own skin". They may be poorly coordinated, or have an odd or bouncy gait or posture, poor handwriting, or problems with visual-motor integration.^[3]^[7] They may show problems with proprioception (sensation of body position) on measures of apraxia (motor planning disorder), balance, tandem gait, and finger-thumb apposition. There is no evidence that these motor skills problems differentiate AS from other high-functioning ASDs.^[3]

Children with AS are more likely to have sleep problems, including difficulty in falling asleep, frequent nocturnal awakenings, and early morning awakenings.^[41]^[42] AS is also associated with high levels of alexithymia, which is difficulty in identifying and describing one's emotions.^[43] Although AS, lower sleep quality, and alexithymia are associated, their causal relationship is unclear.^[42]

As with other forms of ASD, parents of children with AS have higher levels of stress.^[44]

Causes

Template:See Hans Asperger described common symptoms among his patients' family members, especially fathers, and research supports this observation and suggests a genetic contribution to Asperger syndrome. Although no specific gene has yet been identified, multiple factors are believed to play a role in the expression of autism, given the phenotypic variability seen in children with AS.^[3]^[45] Evidence for a genetic link is the tendency for AS to run in families and an observed higher incidence of family members who have behavioral symptoms similar to AS but in a more limited form (for example, slight difficulties with social interaction, language, or reading).^[9] Most research suggests that all autism spectrum disorders have shared genetic mechanisms, but AS may have a stronger genetic component than autism.^[3] There is probably a common group of genes where particular alleles render an individual vulnerable to developing AS; if this is the case, the particular combination of alleles would determine the severity and symptoms for each individual with AS.^[9]

A few ASD cases have been linked to exposure to teratogens (agents that cause birth defects) during the first eight weeks from conception. Although this does not exclude the possibility that ASD can be initiated or affected later, it is strong evidence that it arises very early in development.^[46] Many environmental factors have been hypothesized to act after birth, but none has been confirmed by scientific investigation.^[47]

Mechanism

Template:Further Asperger syndrome appears to result from developmental factors that affect many or all functional brain systems, as opposed to localized effects.^[48] Although the specific underpinnings of AS or factors that distinguish it from other ASDs are unknown, and no clear pathology common to individuals with AS has emerged,^[3] it is still possible that AS's mechanism is separate from other ASD.^[49] Neuroanatomical studies and the associations with teratogens strongly suggest that the mechanism includes alteration of brain development soon after conception.^[46] Abnormal migration of embryonic cells during fetal development may affect the final structure and connectivity of the brain, resulting in alterations in the neural circuits that control thought and behavior.^[50] Several theories of mechanism are available; none are likely to provide a complete explanation.^[51]

Monochrome fMRI image of a horizontal cross-section of a human brain. A few regions, mostly to the rear, are highlighted in orange and yellow.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging provides some evidence for both underconnectivity and mirror neuron theories.^[52]^[53]

The underconnectivity theory hypothesizes underfunctioning high-level neural connections and synchronization, along with an excess of low-level processes.^[52] It maps well to general-processing theories such as weak central coherence theory, which hypothesizes that a limited ability to see the big picture underlies the central disturbance in ASD.^[54] A related theory—enhanced perceptual functioning—focuses more on the superiority of locally oriented and perceptual operations in autistic individuals.^[55]

The mirror neuron system (MNS) theory hypothesizes that alterations to the development of the MNS interfere with imitation and lead to Asperger's core feature of social impairment.^[53]^[56] For example, one study found that activation is delayed in the core circuit for imitation in individuals with AS.^[57] This theory maps well to social cognition theories like the theory of mind, which hypothesizes that autistic behavior arises from impairments in ascribing mental states to oneself and others,^[58] or hyper-systemizing, which hypothesizes that autistic individuals can systematize internal operation to handle internal events but are less effective at empathizing by handling events generated by other agents.^[59]

Other possible mechanisms include serotonin dysfunction^[60] and cerebellar dysfunction.^[61]

Screening

Parents of children with Asperger syndrome can typically trace differences in their children's development to as early as 30 months of age.^[45] Developmental screening during a routine check-up by a general practitioner or pediatrician may identify signs that warrant further investigation.^[3]^[9] The diagnosis of AS is complicated by the use of several different screening instruments,^[9]^[40] including the Asperger Syndrome Diagnostic Scale (ASDS), Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test (CAST), Gilliam Asperger's Disorder Scale (GADS), Krug Asperger's Disorder Index (KADI),^[62] and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ; with versions for children,^[63] adolescents^[64] and adults^[65]). None have been shown to reliably differentiate between AS and other ASDs.^[3]

Diagnosis

Moar info: Diagnosis of Asperger syndrome.

Standard diagnostic criteria require impairment in social interaction and repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, activities and interests, without significant delay in language or cognitive development. Unlike the international standard,^[12] U.S. criteria also require significant impairment in day-to-day functioning.^[24] Other sets of diagnostic criteria have been proposed by Szatmari et al.^[66] and by Gillberg and Gillberg.^[67]

Diagnosis is most commonly made between the ages of four and eleven.^[3] A comprehensive assessment involves a multidisciplinary team^[4]^[9]^[68] that observes across multiple settings,^[3] and includes neurological and genetic assessment as well as tests for cognition, psychomotor function, verbal and nonverbal strengths and weaknesses, style of learning, and skills for independent living.^[9] The "gold standard" in diagnosing ASDs combines clinical judgment with the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R)—a semistructured parent interview—and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)—a conversation and play-based interview with the child.^[6] Delayed or mistaken diagnosis can be traumatic for individuals and families; for example, misdiagnosis can lead to medications that worsen behavior.^[68]^[69] Many children with AS are initially misdiagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).^[3] Diagnosing adults is more challenging, as standard diagnostic criteria are designed for children and the expression of AS changes with age;^[70] adult diagnosis requires painstaking clinical examination and thorough medical history gained from both the individual and other people who know the person, focusing on childhood behavior.^[71] Conditions that must be considered in a differential diagnosis include other ASDs, the schizophrenia spectrum, ADHD, obsessive compulsive disorder, major depressive disorder, semantic pragmatic disorder, nonverbal learning disorder,^[68] Tourette syndrome,^[31] stereotypic movement disorder and bipolar disorder.^[45]

Underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis are problems in marginal cases. The cost and difficulty of screening and assessment can delay diagnosis. Conversely, the increasing popularity of drug treatment options and the expansion of benefits has motivated providers to overdiagnose ASD.^[72] There are indications AS has been diagnosed more frequently in recent years, partly as a residual diagnosis for children of normal intelligence who do not have autism but have social difficulties.^[73] In 2006, it was reported to be the fastest-growing psychiatric diagnosis in Silicon Valley children; also, there is a predilection for adults to self-diagnose it.^[74] There are questions about the external validity of the AS diagnosis. That is, it is unclear whether there is a practical benefit in distinguishing AS from HFA and from PDD-NOS;^[73] the same child can receive different diagnoses depending on the screening tool.^[9] The debate about distinguishing AS from HFA is partly due to a tautological dilemma where disorders are defined based on severity of impairment, so that studies that appear to confirm differences based on severity are to be expected.^[75]

Management

Template:See Asperger syndrome treatment attempts to manage distressing symptoms and to teach age-appropriate social, communication and vocational skills that are not naturally acquired during development,^[3] with intervention tailored to the needs of the individual based on multidisciplinary assessment.^[76] Although progress has been made, data supporting the efficacy of particular interventions are limited.^[3]^[77]

Therapies

The ideal treatment for AS coordinates therapies that address core symptoms of the disorder, including poor communication skills and obsessive or repetitive routines. While most professionals agree that the earlier the intervention, the better, there is no single best treatment package.^[9] AS treatment resembles that of other high-functioning ASDs, except that it takes into account the linguistic capabilities, verbal strengths, and nonverbal vulnerabilities of individuals with AS.^[3] A typical program generally includes:^[9]

The training of social skills for more effective interpersonal interactions,^[78]
Cognitive behavioral therapy to improve stress management relating to anxiety or explosive emotions,^[79] and to cut back on obsessive interests and repetitive routines,
Medication, for coexisting conditions such as major depressive disorder and anxiety disorder,^[80]
occupational or physical therapy to assist with poor sensory integration and motor coordination,
Social communication intervention, which is specialized speech therapy to help with the pragmatics of the give and take of normal conversation,^[81]
The training and support of parents, particularly in behavioral techniques to use in the home.

Of the many studies on behavior-based early intervention programs, most are case studies of up to five participants, and typically examine a few problem behaviors such as self-injury, aggression, noncompliance, stereotypies, or spontaneous language; unintended side effects are largely ignored.^[82] Despite the popularity of social skills training, its effectiveness is not firmly established.^[83] A randomized controlled study of a model for training parents in problem behaviors in their children with AS showed that parents attending a one-day workshop or six individual lessons reported fewer behavioral problems, while parents receiving the individual lessons reported less intense behavioral problems in their AS children.^[84] Vocational training is important to teach job interview etiquette and workplace behavior to older children and adults with AS, and organization software and personal data assistants can improve the work and life management of people with AS.^[3]

Medications

No medications directly treat the core symptoms of AS.^[80] Although research into the efficacy of pharmaceutical intervention for AS is limited,^[3] it is essential to diagnose and treat comorbid conditions.^[4] Deficits in self-identifying emotions or in observing effects of one's behavior on others can make it difficult for individuals with AS to see why medication may be appropriate.^[80] Medication can be effective in combination with behavioral interventions and environmental accommodations in treating comorbid symptoms such as anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, inattention and aggression.^[3] The atypical antipsychotic medications risperidone and olanzapine have been shown to reduce the associated symptoms of AS;^[3] risperidone can reduce repetitive and self-injurious behaviors, aggressive outbursts and impulsivity, and improve stereotypical patterns of behavior and social relatedness. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine, fluvoxamine and sertraline have been effective in treating restricted and repetitive interests and behaviors.^[3]^[4]^[45]

Care must be taken with medications, as side effects may be more common and harder to evaluate in individuals with AS, and tests of drugs' effectiveness against comorbid conditions routinely exclude individuals from the autism spectrum.^[80] Abnormalities in metabolism, cardiac conduction times, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes have been raised as concerns with these medications,^[85]^[86] along with serious long-term neurological side effects.^[82] SSRIs can lead to manifestations of behavioral activation such as increased impulsivity, aggression and sleep disturbance.^[45] Weight gain and fatigue are commonly reported side effects of risperidone, which may also lead to increased risk for extrapyramidal symptoms such as restlessness and dystonia^[45] and increased serum prolactin levels.^[87] Sedation and weight gain are more common with olanzapine,^[86] which has also been linked with diabetes.^[85] Sedative side-effects in school-age children^[88] have ramifications for classroom learning. Individuals with AS may be unable to identify and communicate their internal moods and emotions or to tolerate side effects that for most people would not be problematic.^[89]

Prognosis

There is some evidence that children with AS may see a lessening of symptoms; up to 20% of children may no longer meet the diagnostic criteria as adults, although social and communication difficulties may persist.^[6] As of 2006, no studies addressing the long-term outcome of individuals with Asperger syndrome are available and there are no systematic long-term follow-up studies of children with AS.^[7] Individuals with AS appear to have normal life expectancy, but have an increased prevalence of comorbid psychiatric conditions, such as major depressive disorder and anxiety disorder that may significantly affect prognosis.^[3]^[6] Although social impairment is lifelong, the outcome is generally more positive than with individuals with lower functioning autism spectrum disorders;^[3] for example, ASD symptoms are more likely to diminish with time in children with AS or HFA.^[90] Although most students with AS/HFA have average mathematical ability and test slightly worse in mathematics than in general intelligence, some are gifted in mathematics^[91] and AS has not prevented some adults from major accomplishments such as winning the Nobel Prize.^[92]

Children with AS may require special education services because of their social and behavioral difficulties although many attend regular education classes.^[7] Adolescents with AS may exhibit ongoing difficulty with self care, organization and disturbances in social and romantic relationships; despite high cognitive potential, most young adults with AS remain at home, although some do marry and work independently.^[3] The "different-ness" adolescents experience can be traumatic.^[93] Anxiety may stem from preoccupation over possible violations of routines and rituals, from being placed in a situation without a clear schedule or expectations, or from concern with failing in social encounters;^[3] the resulting stress may manifest as inattention, withdrawal, reliance on obsessions, hyperactivity, or aggressive or oppositional behavior.^[79] Depression is often the result of chronic frustration from repeated failure to engage others socially, and mood disorders requiring treatment may develop.^[3] Clinical experience suggests the rate of suicide may be higher among those with AS, but this has not been confirmed by systematic empirical studies.^[94]

Education of families is critical in developing strategies for understanding strengths and weaknesses;^[4] helping the family to cope improves outcomes in children.^[28] Prognosis may be improved by diagnosis at a younger age that allows for early interventions, while interventions in adulthood are valuable but less beneficial.^[4] There are legal implications for individuals with AS as they run the risk of exploitation by others and may be unable to comprehend the societal implications of their actions.^[4]

Epidemiology

Template:See

Prevalence estimates vary enormously. A 2003 review of epidemiological studies of children found autism prevalence rates ranging from 0.03 to 4.84 per 1,000, with the ratio of autism to Asperger syndrome ranging from 1.5:1 to 16:1;^[95] combining the geometric mean ratio of 5:1 with a conservative prevalence estimate for autism of 1.3 per 1,000 suggests indirectly that the prevalence of AS might be around 0.26 per 1,000.^[96] Part of the variance in estimates arises from differences in diagnostic criteria. For example, a relatively small 2007 study of 5,484 eight-year-old children in Finland found 2.9 children per 1,000 met the ICD-10 criteria for an AS diagnosis, 2.7 per 1,000 for Gillberg and Gillberg criteria, 2.5 for DSM-IV, 1.6 for Szatmari et al., and 4.3 per 1,000 for the union of the four criteria. Boys seem to be more likely to have AS than girls; estimates of the sex ratio range from 1.6:1 to 4:1, using the Gillberg and Gillberg criteria.^[97]

Anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder are the most common conditions seen at the same time; comorbidity of these in persons with AS is estimated at 65%.^[3] Depression is common in adolescents and adults; children are likely to present with ADHD.^[98] Reports have associated AS with medical conditions such as aminoaciduria and ligamentous laxity, but these have been case reports or small studies and no factors have been associated with AS across studies.^[3] One study of males with AS found an increased rate of epilepsy and a high rate (51%) of nonverbal learning disorder.^[99] AS is associated with tics, Tourette syndrome, and bipolar disorder, and the repetitive behaviors of AS have many similarities with the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.^[100] However many of these studies are based on clinical samples or lack standardized measures; nonetheless, comorbid conditions are relatively common.^[6]

History

Moar info: History of Asperger syndrome.

Named after the Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger (1906–1980), Asperger syndrome is a relatively new diagnosis in the field of autism.^[101] As a child, Asperger appears to have exhibited some features of the very condition named after him, such as remoteness and talent in language;^[102] photographs taken during his seminal work show that he had an earnest face with an intense gaze.^[103] In 1944, Asperger described four children in his practice^[4] who had difficulty in integrating themselves socially. The children lacked nonverbal communication skills, failed to demonstrate empathy with their peers, and were physically clumsy. Asperger called the condition "autistic psychopathy" and described it as primarily marked by social isolation.^[9] Unlike today's AS, autistic psychopathy could be found in people of all levels of intelligence, including those with mental retardation.^[104] In the context of the Nazi eugenics policy of sterilizing and killing social deviants and the mentally handicapped, Asperger passionately defended the value of autistic individuals, writing "We are convinced, then, that autistic people have their place in the organism of the social community. They fulfil their role well, perhaps better than anyone else could, and we are talking of people who as children had the greatest difficulties and caused untold worries to their care-givers."^[5] Asperger also called his young patients "little professors",^[5] and believed some would be capable of exceptional achievement and original thought later in life.^[4] His paper was published during wartime and in German, so it was not widely read elsewhere.

Lorna Wing popularized the term Asperger syndrome in the English-speaking medical community in her 1981 publication^[105] of a series of case studies of children showing similar symptoms,^[101] and Uta Frith translated Asperger's paper to English in 1991.^[5] Sets of diagnostic criteria were outlined by Gillberg and Gillberg in 1989 and by Szatmari et al. in the same year.^[97] AS became a standard diagnosis in 1992, when it was included in the tenth edition of the World Health Organization's diagnostic manual, International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10); in 1994, it was added to the fourth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic reference, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).^[9]

Hundreds of books, articles and websites now describe AS, and prevalence estimates have increased dramatically for ASD, with AS recognized as an important subgroup.^[101] Whether it should be seen as distinct from high-functioning autism is a fundamental issue requiring further study,^[4] and there are questions about the empirical validation of the DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria.^[7]

Cultural aspects

Template:See People identifying with Asperger syndrome may refer to themselves in casual conversation as aspies, coined by Liane Holliday Willey in 1999.^[106] The word neurotypical (abbreviated NT) describes a person whose neurological development and state are typical, and is often used to refer to non-autistic people. The Internet has allowed individuals with AS to communicate and celebrate diversity with each other in a way that was not previously possible because of their rarity and geographic dispersal. A subculture of aspies has formed. Internet sites like Wrong Planet have made it easier for individuals to connect.^[10]

Autistic people have advocated a shift in perception of autism spectrum disorders as complex syndromes rather than diseases that must be cured. Proponents of this view reject the notion that there is an "ideal" brain configuration and that any deviation from the norm is pathological; they promote tolerance for what they call neurodiversity.^[107] These views are the basis for the autistic rights and autistic pride movements.^[108] There is a contrast between the attitude of adults with self-identified AS, who typically do not want to be cured and are proud of their identity, and parents of children with AS, who typically seek assistance and a cure for their children.^[109]

Some researchers have argued that AS can be viewed as a different cognitive style, not a disorder or a disability,^[10] and that it should be removed from the standard Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, much as homosexuality was removed.^[110] In a 2002 paper, Simon Baron-Cohen wrote of those with AS, "In the social world there is no great benefit to a precise eye for detail, but in the worlds of maths, computing, cataloguing, music, linguistics, engineering, and science, such an eye for detail can lead to success rather than failure." Baron-Cohen cited two reasons why it might still be useful to consider AS to be a disability: to ensure provision for legally required special support, and to recognize emotional difficulties from reduced empathy.^[11] It has been argued that the genes for Asperger's combination of abilities have operated throughout recent human evolution and have made remarkable contributions to human history.^[111]

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References

Citations

↑ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/asperger's%20syndrome
↑ Dictionary.com, "Asperger's Syndrome," in Dictionary.com Unabridged. Source location: Random House, Inc. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/asperger's+syndrome. Available: http://dictionary.reference.com. Accessed: April 19, 2011.
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↑ ^9.00 ^9.01 ^9.02 ^9.03 ^9.04 ^9.05 ^9.06 ^9.07 ^9.08 ^9.09 ^9.10 ^9.11 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (2007-07-31). "Asperger syndrome fact sheet". Retrieved 2007-08-24. NIH Publication No. 05-5624.
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External links

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af:Aspergersindroom ar:متلازمة أسبرجر az:Asperger sindromu bs:Aspergerov sindrom ca:Síndrome d'Asperger cs:Aspergerův syndrom cy:Syndrom Asperger da:Aspergers syndrom de:Asperger-Syndrom et:Aspergeri sündroom el:Σύνδρομο Άσπεργκερ es:Síndrome de Asperger eo:Sindromo de Asperger fa:نشانگان آسپرگر fr:Syndrome d'Asperger fy:Syndroam fan Asperger gl:Síndrome de Asperger ko:아스퍼거 증후군 hi:अस्पेर्गेर सिंड्रोम hr:Aspergerov sindrom id:Sindrom Asperger is:Asperger heilkenni it:Sindrome di Asperger he:תסמונת אספרגר lv:Aspergera sindroms lt:Aspergerio sindromas hu:Asperger-szindróma mk:Аспергеров синдром ms:Sindrom Asperger nl:Syndroom van Asperger ja:アスペルガー症候群 no:Aspergers syndrom nn:Aspergers syndrom pms:Sìndrom d'Asperger pl:Zespół Aspergera pt:Síndrome de Asperger ro:Sindromul Asperger ru:Синдром Аспергера simple:Asperger syndrome sk:Aspergerov syndróm sr:Аспергеров синдром sh:Aspergerov sindrom fi:Aspergerin oireyhtymä sv:Aspergers syndrom tr:Asperger sendromu uk:Синдром Аспергера zh:亞斯伯格症候群

[1] ttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/asperger's%20syndrome

[2] Dictionary.com, "Asperger's Syndrome," in Dictionary.com Unabridged. Source location: Random House, Inc. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/asperger's+syndrome. Available: http://dictionary.reference.com. Accessed: April 19, 2011.

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[DSMV-8] 8.0 ^8.1 "299.80 Asperger's Disorder". DSM-5 Development. American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved 2010-12-21.

[NINDS-9] 9.00 ^9.01 ^9.02 ^9.03 ^9.04 ^9.05 ^9.06 ^9.07 ^9.08 ^9.09 ^9.10 ^9.11 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (2007-07-31). "Asperger syndrome fact sheet". Retrieved 2007-08-24. NIH Publication No. 05-5624.

[Clarke-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 Template:Cite journal

[BaronCohen2002-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Template:Cite journal A preliminary, freely readable draft, with slightly different wording in the quoted text, is in: Baron-Cohen S (2002). "Is Asperger's syndrome necessarily a disability?" (PDF). Cambridge: Autism Research Centre. Retrieved 2008-12-02.

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[19] "DSM-5 development". American Psychiatric Association. 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-20.

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[26] Brasic JR (2010-07-07). "Asperger's Syndrome". Medscape eMedicine. Retrieved 2010-11-25.

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[33] ttp://www.mdjunction.com/myblog/myblog/the-adult-asperger-assessment-aaa-a-diagnostic-method-simon-baron-cohen12-sally-wheelwright1-j

[34] ttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2695286/

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Asperger's Syndrome: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:41, 21 May 2011

Contents

Classification

Characteristics

Social interaction

Restricted and repetitive interests and behavior

Speech and language

Other

Causes

Mechanism

Screening

Diagnosis

Management

Therapies

Medications

Prognosis

Epidemiology

History

Cultural aspects

References

Citations

External links

Navigation menu

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-{{perfect}}
+'''Asperger syndrome''' or '''Asperger's syndrome''' or '''Asperger disorder''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|ˈ|ɑ|s|p|ɚ|ɡ|ɚ|z}}<ref>http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/asperger's%20syndrome</ref> or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|s|p|ɚ|ɡ|ɚ|z}}<ref>Dictionary.com, "Asperger's Syndrome," in Dictionary.com Unabridged. Source location: Random House, Inc. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/asperger's+syndrome. Available: http://dictionary.reference.com. Accessed: April 19, 2011.</ref>) is an [[autism spectrum]] disorder that is characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. It differs from other autism spectrum disorders by its relative preservation of [[language development|linguistic]] and [[cognitive development]]. Although not required for diagnosis, physical clumsiness and atypical use of language are frequently reported.<ref name="McPartland"/><ref name="Baskin"/>
-{{Welfare}}<br>
+Asperger syndrome is named after the Austrian pediatrician [[Hans Asperger]] who, in 1944, studied and described children in his practice who lacked [[nonverbal communication]] skills, demonstrated limited [[empathy]] with their [[Peer group|peers]], and were physically clumsy.<ref name=ha/> Fifty years later, it was standardized as a [[medical diagnosis|diagnosis]], but many questions remain about aspects of the disorder.<ref name=Woodbury-Smith/> For example, there is doubt about whether it is distinct from [[high-functioning autism]] (HFA);<ref name="Klin"/> partly because of this, its [[prevalence]] is not firmly established.<ref name=McPartland/> It has been proposed that the diagnosis of Asperger's be eliminated, to be replaced by a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder on a severity scale.<ref name=DSMV/>
-{{offended}}<br>
+The exact [[etiology|cause]] is unknown, although research supports the likelihood of a [[genetics|genetic]] basis; [[neuroimaging|brain imaging]] techniques have not identified a clear common pathology.<ref name=McPartland/> There is no single treatment, and the effectiveness of particular interventions is supported by only limited data.<ref name=McPartland/> Intervention is aimed at improving symptoms and function. The mainstay of management is [[behavioral therapy]], focusing on specific deficits to address poor communication skills, obsessive or repetitive routines, and physical clumsiness.<ref name=NINDS/> Most children improve as they mature to adulthood, but social and communication difficulties may persist.<ref name=Woodbury-Smith/> Some researchers and people with Asperger's have advocated a shift in attitudes toward the view that it is a difference, rather than a disability that must be treated or cured.<ref name=Clarke/><ref name=BaronCohen2002/>
-{{notice|Due to the controversy surrounding this page, [[Encyclopedia Dramatica]] has released a statement to anybody [[offended]] by this article. Read it [[Asperger's syndrome/Open Letter|here.]]}}
+==Classification==
-[[File:Cwcspin-UncleBastard.gif|thumb|right|[[Chris chan]], The Internet's most infamous Asspie.]]
+Asperger syndrome (AS) is one of the [[autism spectrum disorder]]s (ASD) or [[pervasive developmental disorder]]s (PDD), which are a [[spectrum disorder|spectrum of psychological conditions]] that are characterized by abnormalities of [[social interaction]] and communication that pervade the individual's functioning, and by restricted and repetitive interests and behavior. Like other psychological development disorders, ASD begins in infancy or childhood, has a steady course without remission or relapse, and has impairments that result from maturation-related changes in various systems of the brain.<ref name=ICD-10-F84.0>{{cite book |chapterurl=http://apps.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10online/?gf80.htm+f840 |year=2006 |accessdate=2007-06-25 |title= International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems |edition= 10th ([[ICD-10]]) |author= World Health Organization |chapter= F84. Pervasive developmental disorders |isbn=92-4-154419-8}}</ref> ASD, in turn, is a subset of the broader autism [[phenotype]] (BAP), which describes individuals who may not have ASD but do have [[Autism|autistic]]-like [[Trait (biology)|traits]], such as social deficits.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Piven J, Palmer P, Jacobi D, Childress D, Arndt S |title= Broader autism phenotype: evidence from a family history study of multiple-incidence autism families |journal= Am J Psychiatry |year=1997 |volume=154 |issue=2 |pages=185–90 |pmid=9016266 |url=http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/reprint/154/2/185.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref> Of the other four ASD forms, [[autism]] is the most similar to AS in signs and likely causes but its diagnosis requires impaired communication and allows delay in [[cognitive development]]; [[Rett syndrome]] and [[childhood disintegrative disorder]] share several signs with autism but may have unrelated causes; and [[PDD not otherwise specified|pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)]] is diagnosed when the criteria for a more specific disorder are unmet.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Lord C, Cook EH, Leventhal BL, [[David Amaral|Amaral DG]] |title= Autism spectrum disorders |journal=Neuron |volume=28 |issue=2 |year=2000 |pages=355–63 |doi=10.1016/S0896-6273(00)00115-X |pmid=11144346}}</ref>
-[[Image:Tammy.jpg|thumb|When children like this have ass burgers, the only cure [[Andrea Yates|involves the bathtub filled with water, a toaster, and a lot of tears.]]]]
-[[Image:Asdog.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Doctors diagnose the onset of [[puberty]] in male Asspie children by seeing if this specially restrained dog falls victim to [[zoophile|zoophalic]] [[buttsecks]].]]
-'''[[Dumbass|Ass Burgers]]''' is an attempt by Dr. Hans Asperger to worm his way into the history books by labelling people who are simply assholes with a fake mental illness. (The name itself is a euphemism for what he called "Autistic Sociopaths").  Like all [[faggot|mental illness]] there is absolutely no physical evidence that it actually exists.
-[[Image:Autismcard.jpg|thumb|right|150px|A lot of autistics and aspies use this card]]
-[[image: tired2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Brettsworld99]] another youtube autistic celebrity who dreams of becoming a fat [[trap]].]]
-Ass Burger-monsters are the most self-centered, selfish pieces of shit on the planet. Devoid of empathy, social reasoning, social context, or self awareness, they are subhuman meat-calculators, who live to collect and catalogue items like barcodes and bottletops.
+The extent of the [[Diagnosis of Asperger syndrome#Differences from high-functioning autism|overlap between AS and high-functioning autism]] ([[High-functioning autism|HFA]]—autism unaccompanied by [[mental retardation]]) is unclear.<ref name=Klin/><ref name=Kasari>{{cite journal |author= Kasari C, Rotheram-Fuller E |title= Current trends in psychological research on children with high-functioning autism and Asperger disorder |journal= Curr Opin Psychiatry |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=497–501 |year=2005 |pmid=16639107 |doi=10.1097/01.yco.0000179486.47144.61}}</ref><ref>
+{{cite journal |journal= J Autism Dev Disord |year=2008 |volume=38 |issue=9 |pages=1611–24 |title= Examining the validity of autism spectrum disorder subtypes |author= Witwer AN, Lecavalier L |doi=10.1007/s10803-008-0541-2 |pmid=18327636}}
+</ref> The current ASD classification is to some extent an artifact of how autism was discovered,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sanders JL |title=Qualitative or quantitative differences between Asperger's Disorder and autism? historical considerations |journal=J Autism Dev Disord |volume= 39|issue= 11|pages= 1560–7|year=2009 |pmid=19548078 |doi=10.1007/s10803-009-0798-0 }}</ref> and may not reflect the true nature of the spectrum.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Szatmari P |year=2000 |title= The classification of autism, Asperger's syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder |journal= Can J Psychiatry |volume=45 |issue=8 |pages=731–38 |pmid=11086556 |url=http://ww1.cpa-apc.org:8080/Publications/Archives/CJP/2000/Oct/Classification.asp}}</ref> One of the proposed changes in the [[DSM-V|Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition]], set to be published in May 2013,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dsm5.org/Pages/Default.aspx |title=DSM-5 development |publisher=American Psychiatric Association |year=2010 |accessdate=2010-02-20 }}</ref> would eliminate Asperger syndrome as a separate diagnosis, and fold it under autistic disorder (autism spectrum disorder), which would be rated on a severity scale.<ref name=DSMV>{{cite web|title=299.80 Asperger's Disorder |work=DSM-5 Development |publisher=American Psychiatric Association |accessdate=2010-12-21 |url=http://www.dsm5.org/ProposedRevisions/Pages/proposedrevision.aspx?rid=97# }}</ref> The proposed change is controversial,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Faras H, Al Ateeqi N, Tidmarsh L |title=Autism spectrum disorders |journal=Ann Saudi Med |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=295–300 |year=2010 |pmid=20622347 |pmc=2931781 |doi=10.4103/0256-4947.65261}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Landau E |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/02/11/aspergers.autism.dsm.v/ |title=Move to merge Asperger's, autism in diagnostic manual stirs debate |work=CNN |date=2010-02-11 }}</ref><ref name=Wallis>{{cite news |title=A powerful identity, a vanishing diagnosis |author=Wallis C |work=The New York Times |date=2009-11-02 |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/03/health/03asperger.html }}</ref> and it has been argued that the syndrome's diagnostic criteria should be changed instead.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ghaziuddin M |title=Should the DSM V drop Asperger syndrome? |journal=J Autism Dev Disord |volume=40 |issue= 9 |pages= 1146–8 |year=2010 |pmid=20151184 |doi=10.1007/s10803-010-0969-z }}</ref>
-Such [[loser]]s believe that having AssBurgers Syndrome excuses all forms of [[virginity|social retardation]], [[attention whoring]] and [[drama|shitty self-absorbed bullshit]], while also allowing them to lay claim to its supposed symptom of "higher than average levels of intelligence".
+Asperger syndrome is also called ''Asperger's syndrome'' (AS),<ref name=McPartland/> ''Asperger'' (or ''Asperger's'') ''disorder'' (AD),<ref name=Kasari/><ref name=BehaveNet/> or just ''Asperger's''.<ref name=Rausch>{{cite book |title= Asperger's Disorder |editor= Rausch JL, Johnson ME, Casanova MF (eds.) |publisher= Informa Healthcare |year=2008 |chapter= Diagnosis of Asperger's disorder |author= Rausch JL, Johnson ME |pages=19–62 |isbn=0-8493-8360-9}}</ref> There is little consensus among clinical researchers about whether the condition's name should end in "syndrome" or "disorder".<ref name=Klin/>
-For these reasons, AssBurger has greatly outstripped [[ADHD]] as the chic diagnosis of choice for [[furries|pretty]] [[vampire|much]] [[weeaboo|every]] [[Wikipedos|group]] [[Childfree|of]] [[Anonymous|fucktards]] [[on the internet]]. It is no wonder then that all people with Assburgers are [[Chris-Chan|fugly]].
+==Characteristics==
+A [[pervasive developmental disorder]], Asperger syndrome is distinguished by a pattern of symptoms rather than a single symptom. It is characterized by qualitative impairment in social interaction, by stereotyped and restricted patterns of behavior, activities and interests, and by no clinically significant delay in cognitive development or general delay in language.<ref name=BehaveNet>{{cite book |title= Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders |edition= 4th, text revision ([[DSM-IV-TR]]) |author= American Psychiatric Association |year=2000 |isbn=0-89042-025-4 |chapter= Diagnostic criteria for 299.80 Asperger's Disorder (AD) |chapterurl=http://www.behavenet.com/capsules/disorders/asperger.htm |accessdate=2007-06-28 |publisher=<!-- pacify Citation bot --> |location=<!-- pacify Citation bot --> }}</ref> Intense preoccupation with a narrow subject, one-sided [[verbosity]], restricted [[Prosody (linguistics)|prosody]], and physical clumsiness are typical of the condition, but are not required for diagnosis.<ref name=Klin>{{cite journal |journal= Rev Bras Psiquiatr |year=2006 |volume=28 |issue= suppl 1 |pages=S3–S11 |title= Autism and Asperger syndrome: an overview |author= Klin A |doi=10.1590/S1516-44462006000500002 |pmid=16791390 |url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462006000500002&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en}}</ref>
-__TOC__
+===Social interaction===
+{{further|[[Sociological and cultural aspects of autism#Asperger syndrome and interpersonal relationships|Asperger syndrome and interpersonal relationships]]}}
+The lack of demonstrated [[empathy]] is possibly the most dysfunctional aspect of Asperger syndrome.<ref name=Baskin/> Individuals with AS experience difficulties in basic elements of social interaction, which may include a failure to develop friendships or to seek shared enjoyments or achievements with others (for example, showing others objects of interest), a lack of social or emotional [[Reciprocity (social psychology)|reciprocity]], and impaired [[Nonverbal communication|nonverbal behaviors]] in areas such as [[eye contact]], [[facial expression]], posture, and gesture.<ref name=McPartland>{{cite journal |author= McPartland J, Klin A |title= Asperger's syndrome |journal= Adolesc Med Clin |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=771–88 |year=2006 |pmid=17030291 |doi= 10.1016/j.admecli.2006.06.010}}</ref>
-==Assburgers on the Internets==
+Unlike those with autism, people with AS are not usually withdrawn around others; they approach others, even if awkwardly. For example, a person with AS may engage in a one-sided, long-winded speech about a favorite topic, while misunderstanding or not recognizing the listener's feelings or reactions, such as a need for privacy or haste to leave.<ref name=Klin/> This social awkwardness has been called "active but odd".<ref name=McPartland/> This failure to react appropriately to social interaction may appear as disregard for other people's feelings, and may come across as insensitive.<ref name=Klin/>  However, not all individuals with AS will approach others. Some of them may even display [[selective mutism]], speaking not at all to most people and excessively to specific people. Some may choose to talk only to people they like.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/912296-overview |work=Medscape eMedicine |title=Asperger's Syndrome |author=Brasic JR |date=2010-07-07 |accessdate=2010-11-25}}</ref>
-[[Image:Aspergersdefinition.gif|center]]
+The cognitive ability of children with AS often allows them to articulate [[social norms]] in a laboratory context,<ref name=McPartland/> where they may be able to show a theoretical understanding of other people's emotions; however, they typically have difficulty acting on this knowledge in fluid, real-life situations.<ref name=Klin/> People with AS may analyze and distill their observations of social interaction into rigid behavioral guidelines, and apply these rules in awkward ways, such as forced eye contact, resulting in a demeanor that appears rigid or socially naive. Childhood desire for companionship can become numbed through a history of failed social encounters.<ref name=McPartland/>
-AssBurger has become [http://www.asciiartfarts.com/20050711.html a fad] for those seeking to garner [[attention whores|attention]] unto themselves.  In the fine, hallowed tradition of [[disease|disease whores]] everywhere, many of today's youth expertly design a disease which kills two birds with one stone by:
+The [[hypothesis]] that individuals with AS are predisposed to violent or criminal behavior has been investigated but is not supported by data.<ref name="McPartland"/><ref>{{cite journal |journal=J Autism Dev Disord |year=2008 |title= Offending behaviour in adults with Asperger syndrome |author= Allen D, Evans C, Hider A, Hawkins S, Peckett H, Morgan H |pmid=17805955 |doi=10.1007/s10803-007-0442-9 |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=748–58}}</ref> More evidence suggests children with AS are victims rather than victimizers.<ref name=Tsatsanis>{{cite journal |journal= Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am |year=2003 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=47–63 |title=Outcome research in Asperger syndrome and autism |author= Tsatsanis KD |pmid=12512398 |url=http://www.childpsych.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1056499302000561/fulltext |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00056-1}}</ref> A 2008 review found that an overwhelming number of reported violent criminals with AS had coexisting [[psychiatric disorders]] such as [[schizoaffective disorder]].<ref>{{cite journal |author= Newman SS, Ghaziuddin M |title=Violent crime in Asperger syndrome: the role of psychiatric comorbidity |journal=J Autism Dev Disord |volume=38 |issue=10 |pages=1848–52 |year=2008 |pmid=18449633 |doi=10.1007/s10803-008-0580-8}}</ref>
-#. Assuming others are born normal rather than work at it, giving the self-proclaimed Aspie an excuse not to make an effort to develop social skills, and
-#. Assuming they were born smart, rather than merely having had more exposure to books and computers because no one wanted to be around them.
-Want to find out if you can justify your [[fail|failed life]] with Aspergers? [http://www.rdos.net/eng/Aspie-quiz.php Take the test!]
+===Restricted and repetitive interests and behavior===
-===Also known as ...===
+People with Asperger syndrome often display behavior, interests, and activities that are restricted and repetitive and are sometimes abnormally intense or focused. They may stick to inflexible routines, move in [[Stereotypy|stereotyped]] and repetitive ways, or preoccupy themselves with parts of objects.<ref name=BehaveNet/>
-[[File:Asperger_King.gif|thumb|right|Jobs for Asspies.]]
-*Asperger's
-*Ass Burgers
-*Assburpers
-*A-Monsters
-*[[Incontinent Student Bodies|BAWWWWWWtism]]
-*loltism
-*Stuttering ADD
-*Asspie syndrome
-*H.I.T.M.E. (kinda like HIV is to AIDS, this is to the A.U.T.I.S.M.)
-*NOTism
-*cerebral lawlzy
-*whiny bitch syndrome
-*Emo Syndrome
-*"That fucking dumbass"
-* Sub-human meat calculators
-===Assburgers on ED===
+Pursuit of specific and narrow areas of interest is one of the most striking features of AS.<ref name=McPartland/> Individuals with AS may collect volumes of detailed information on a relatively narrow topic such as weather data or star names, without necessarily having genuine understanding of the broader topic.<ref name=McPartland/><ref name=Klin/> For example, a child might memorize camera model numbers while caring little about photography.<ref name=McPartland/> This behavior is usually apparent by grade school, typically age 5 or 6 in the United States.<ref name=McPartland/> Although these special interests may change from time to time, they typically become more unusual and narrowly focused, and often dominate social interaction so much that the entire family may become immersed. Because narrow topics often capture the interest of children, this symptom may go unrecognized.<ref name=Klin/>
-[[File:Proudfather.jpg|thumb|You too can show off your defective sperm with this button!]]
-It's [[common knowledge]] that asspies don't give two shits about anything but themselves. Asspies are selfish, narcissistic assholes who expect [[ED|the motherland]] to feel [[Troll's Remorse|remorse]] for putting up such an [[Offended|offensive]] article. However, they do not care about [[women]], [[nigras]], [[homosexuals]], [[WTC]], [[abortion]], [[animal abuse]], or anything that doesn't relate to people licking their burger-asses. So being typical faggots, they do what they do best: [[Talk:Asperger's_syndrome|bitch and moan]].
+Stereotyped and repetitive motor behaviors are a core part of the diagnosis of AS and other ASDs.<ref>{{cite journal |journal= J Autism Dev Disord |year=2005 |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=145–58 |title= Repetitive behavior profiles in Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism |author= South M, Ozonoff S, McMahon WM |doi=10.1007/s10803-004-1992-8 |pmid=15909401}}</ref> They include hand movements such as flapping or twisting, and complex whole-body movements.<ref name=BehaveNet/> These are typically repeated in longer bursts and look more voluntary or ritualistic than [[tic]]s, which are usually faster, less rhythmical and less often symmetrical.<ref name=RapinTS>{{cite journal |author= Rapin I |title= Autism spectrum disorders: relevance to Tourette syndrome |journal= Adv Neurol |volume=85 |pages=89–101 |year=2001 |pmid=11530449}}</ref>
-It should also be noted that asspies tend to compare themselves to [[Shit nobody cares about|famous asspies in history]], failing to realize that those people succeeded in life and <i>aren't</i> basement dwelling rejects. So the next time you hear an aspie compare himself to Einstein, feel free to redirect him to [[Chris-chan]] but more importantly, remind them that Einstein was very capable of getting laid and was also well known for his sexual conquests.  Furthermore, Einstein wasn't some fat assed piece of shit who used the Assburgers excuse to get out of gym class but was rather adept at soccer and other sports.
+===Speech and language===
+Although individuals with Asperger syndrome acquire language skills without significant general delay and their speech typically lacks significant abnormalities, [[language acquisition]] and use is often atypical.<ref name=Klin/> Abnormalities include verbosity, abrupt transitions, literal interpretations and miscomprehension of nuance, use of metaphor meaningful only to the speaker, [[Auditory processing disorder|auditory perception deficits]], unusually pedantic, [[Register (linguistics)|formal]] or [[Idiosyncrasy#Psychiatry|idiosyncratic]] speech, and oddities in loudness, [[Tone (linguistics)|pitch]], [[Intonation (linguistics)|intonation]], [[Prosody (linguistics)|prosody]], and rhythm.<ref name=McPartland/>
-They also posthumously diagnose people like Einstein or Dirac, who might very well have fucking hated and rejected the idea of "aspergers" on both logical and ethical grounds.
+Three aspects of communication patterns are of clinical interest: poor prosody, tangential and circumstantial speech, and marked verbosity. Although [[inflection]] and intonation may be less rigid or monotonic than in autism, people with AS often have a limited range of intonation: speech may be unusually fast, jerky or loud. Speech may convey a sense of [[Coherence (linguistics)|incoherence]]; the conversational style often includes monologues about topics that bore the listener, fails to provide [[Context (language use)|context]] for comments, or fails to suppress internal thoughts. Individuals with AS may fail to monitor whether the listener is interested or engaged in the conversation. The speaker's conclusion or point may never be made, and attempts by the listener to elaborate on the speech's content or logic, or to shift to related topics, are often unsuccessful.<ref name=Klin/>
-Assburgers is a made-up [[aids|disease]], most common in overachieving middle-class families, because little Johnny is either a social outcast, or is just acting fucking [[retarded]]. The parents [[rape|diagnose]] their child, and the "doctors" go along with and encourage it because of the money it generates. Fuckers.
+Children with AS may have an unusually sophisticated vocabulary at a young age and have been colloquially called "little professors", but have difficulty understanding [[figurative language]] and tend to use language literally.<ref name=McPartland/> Children with AS appear to have particular weaknesses in areas of nonliteral language that include humor, irony, and teasing. Although individuals with AS usually understand the cognitive basis of [[humor]], they seem to lack understanding of the intent of humor to share enjoyment with others.<ref name=Kasari/> Despite strong evidence of impaired humor appreciation, anecdotal reports of humor in individuals with AS seem to challenge some psychological theories of AS and autism.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Lyons V, Fitzgerald M |title= Humor in autism and Asperger syndrome |journal= J Autism Dev Disord |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=521–31 |year=2004 |pmid=15628606 |doi=10.1007/s10803-004-2547-8}}</ref>. According to the Adult Asperger Assessment (AAA) diagnostic test, a lack of interest in fiction (written or drama) and the positive preference towards non-fiction is common among adults with the disorder, which might explain the lack of understanding regarding verbal symbolisms and nonliteral language<ref>http://www.mdjunction.com/myblog/myblog/the-adult-asperger-assessment-aaa-a-diagnostic-method-simon-baron-cohen12-sally-wheelwright1-j</ref><ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2695286/</ref>.
-The truth is, the Assburgers diagnosis has become popular with parents because they need a good excuse as to why their "fucktard children are dumb faggots who will be [[dying alone]]."
-==Common Symptoms==
+===Other===
-[[Image:Asperger.jpg|thumb|"ASS PIES" are recognizable because of the light bulbs shooting out from their skulls. They also all have the exact same expression IRL.]]
+Individuals with Asperger syndrome may have signs or symptoms that are independent of the diagnosis, but can affect the individual or the family.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Filipek PA, Accardo PJ, Baranek GT ''et al.'' |title=The screening and diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders |journal=J Autism Dev Disord |year=1999 |volume=29 |issue=6 |pages=439–84 |doi=10.1023/A:1021943802493 |pmid=10638459 }}</ref> These include differences in perception and problems with motor skills, sleep, and emotions.
-[[Image:Asspiewrong.jpg|thumb|They're also obviously recognizable with some of their typical activities.]]
+Individuals with AS often have excellent [[Auditory perception|auditory]] and [[visual perception]].<ref>{{cite journal |journal= J Child Psychol Psychiatry |year=2004 |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=672–86 |title= Emanuel Miller lecture: confusions and controversies about Asperger syndrome |author= Frith U |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00262.x |pmid=15056300}}</ref> Children with ASD often demonstrate enhanced perception of small changes in patterns such as arrangements of objects or well-known images; typically this is domain-specific and involves processing of fine-grained features.<ref>{{cite book |chapter= Psychological factors in autism |author= Prior M, Ozonoff S |pages=69–128 |title= Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders |edition=2nd |editor= Volkmar FR |publisher= Cambridge University Press |year=2007 |isbn=0-521-54957-4}}</ref> Conversely, compared to individuals with high-functioning autism, individuals with AS have deficits in some tasks involving visual-spatial perception, auditory perception, or [[visual memory]].<ref name=McPartland/> Many accounts of individuals with AS and ASD report other unusual sensory and perceptual skills and experiences. They may be unusually sensitive or insensitive to sound, light, and other stimuli;<ref>{{cite book |author= Bogdashina O |title= Sensory Perceptional Issues in Autism and Asperger Syndrome: Different Sensory Experiences, Different Perceptual Worlds |publisher= Jessica Kingsley |year=2003 |isbn=1-84310-166-1}}</ref> these sensory responses are found in other developmental disorders and are not specific to AS or to ASD. There is little support for increased [[fight-or-flight response]] or failure of [[habituation]] in autism; there is more evidence of decreased responsiveness to sensory stimuli, although several studies show no differences.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Rogers SJ, Ozonoff S |title= Annotation: what do we know about sensory dysfunction in autism? A critical review of the empirical evidence |journal= J Child Psychol Psychiatry |volume=46 |issue=12 |pages=1255–68 |year=2005 |pmid=16313426 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01431.x}}</ref>
-The diagnostic criteria were established by John Harvey Kellogg in 1888 and consist of the following:
+Hans Asperger's initial accounts<ref name="McPartland"/> and other diagnostic schemes<ref name="EhlGill">{{cite journal |author= Ehlers S, Gillberg C |title= The epidemiology of Asperger's syndrome. A total population study |journal= J Child Psychol Psychiat |year=1993 |volume=34 |issue=8 |pages=1327–50 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x |pmid=8294522}}</ref> include descriptions of physical clumsiness. Children with AS may be delayed in acquiring skills requiring motor dexterity, such as riding a bicycle or opening a jar, and may seem to move awkwardly or feel "uncomfortable in their own skin". They may be poorly coordinated, or have an odd or bouncy gait or posture, poor handwriting, or problems with visual-motor integration.<ref name="McPartland"/><ref name="Klin"/> They may show problems with [[proprioception]] (sensation of body position) on measures of [[apraxia]] (motor planning disorder), balance, [[tandem gait]], and finger-thumb apposition. There is no evidence that these motor skills problems differentiate AS from other high-functioning ASDs.<ref name= "McPartland"/>
-*You talk about things that nobody cares about
+Children with AS are more likely to have sleep problems, including difficulty in falling asleep, frequent [[middle-of-the-night insomnia|nocturnal awakenings]], and early morning awakenings.<ref>{{cite journal |journal= J Intellect Disabil Res |year=2005 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=260–8 |title= A survey of sleep problems in autism, Asperger's disorder and typically developing children |author= Polimeni MA, Richdale AL, Francis AJ |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00642.x |pmid=15816813}}</ref><ref name=Tani/> AS is also associated with high levels of [[alexithymia]], which is difficulty in identifying and describing one's emotions.<ref>Alexithymia and AS:
-*Wearing other things that nobody wears
+*{{cite journal |author= Fitzgerald M, Bellgrove MA |title= The overlap between alexithymia and Asperger's syndrome |journal= J Autism Dev Disord |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=573–6 |year=2006 |pmid=16755385 |doi=10.1007/s10803-006-0096-z |pmc= 2092499}}
-*Your friends are either way out of your age group, imaginary or are woodland creatures, none of which are good things
+*{{cite journal |author= Hill E, Berthoz S |year=2006 |title= Response |journal= J Autism Dev Disord |volume=36 |issue=8 |pages=1143–5 |doi=10.1007/s10803-006-0287-7 |pmid=17080269}}
-*[[Chris Chan|Missing social cues]] when you act like a fuck-up in public.
+*{{cite journal |journal= PLoS ONE |year=2007 |volume=2 |issue=9 |page=e883 |title= Self-referential cognition and empathy in autism |author= Lombardo MV, Barnes JL, Wheelwright SJ, Baron-Cohen S |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0000883 |pmid=17849012 |url=http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchArticle.action?articleURI=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000883 |pmc= 1964804 }}</ref> Although AS, lower sleep quality, and alexithymia are associated, their causal relationship is unclear.<ref name=Tani>{{cite journal |author= Tani P, Lindberg N, Joukamaa M ''et al.'' |title= Asperger syndrome, alexithymia and perception of sleep |journal= Neuropsychobiology |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=64–70 |year=2004 |pmid=14981336 |doi=10.1159/000076412}}</ref>
-*Telling various [[Sob Story|sob stories]] about being misunderstood/discriminated against.
-*Ending said sob story on the note that you wouldn't want to be rid of your 'condition' anyway since you are actually smarter than most everyone else and probably the next step in evolution, <i>(like an [[X-men|xmans]]!!)</i>
-*Hand flapping.
-*[[Tourette's Syndrome]]
-*Walking around in circles or moving parts of your body like you are on drugs.
-*Mumbling to yourself in class like a [[fucktard]].
-*Talking with a [[Prince Jeremy|robotic accent]] - see [[Lulzcast]] 2.
-*Not [[Asking for it|getting the hint]] in social situations
-*Having multiple [[LiveJournal]]s for the different "aspects of your personality", one of which is naturally filled with [[slash]].
-*Thinking that [[MySpace|everyone else]] is the one with the problem.
-*Being too fucking lazy or unable to drive and then complaining about how they can't go anywhere. Also expecting their friends (if they can get any) or family members to drive them fucking everywhere!
-* [http://www.aspiesforfreedom.com/showthread.php?tid=11596 Thinking Lawyers can save their asses against the internets and Lulz]
-* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5wn7St3A14 Having an unnatural obsession with vacuum cleaners.]
-*Possessing a massive victim complex about how the evil NTs are making your selfish life hard.
-*Continously fapping their curved penis.
-*Giving a flicker of the eyes when looking at someone.
-*You claim to have no interest in sex/ is asexual, but go on to Gamefaqs.com and [[TV Tropes]] to bore people with your cataloging of sexual practices that you have rated as which would be the most pleasurable, because you would know because you have never had sex.  '''AM I RIGHT HYENA?'''
-[[Image:Flardox2.jpg|thumb|[[Flardox|Typical autistic behavior.]]]]
+As with other forms of ASD, parents of children with AS have higher levels of stress.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Epstein T, Saltzman-Benaiah J, O'Hare A, Goll JC, Tuck S |title= Associated features of Asperger Syndrome and their relationship to parenting stress |journal= Child Care Health Dev |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=503–11 |year=2008 |pmid=19154552 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00834.x}}</ref>
+==Causes==
+{{See|Causes of autism}}
+Hans Asperger described common symptoms among his patients' family members, especially fathers, and research supports this observation and suggests a genetic contribution to Asperger syndrome. Although no specific gene has yet been identified, multiple factors are believed to play a role in the [[Expressivity|expression]] of autism, given the [[phenotype|phenotypic]] variability seen in children with AS.<ref name=McPartland/><ref name="Foster"/> Evidence for a genetic link is the tendency for AS to run in families and an observed higher [[Incidence (epidemiology)|incidence]] of family members who have behavioral symptoms similar to AS but in a more limited form (for example, slight difficulties with social interaction, language, or reading).<ref name=NINDS>{{cite web |author= National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) |date=2007-07-31 |url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/asperger/detail_asperger.htm |accessdate=2007-08-24 |title= Asperger syndrome fact sheet}} NIH Publication No. 05-5624.</ref> Most research suggests that all [[Heritability of autism|autism spectrum disorders have shared genetic mechanisms]], but AS may have a stronger genetic component than autism.<ref name="McPartland"/> There is probably a common group of genes where particular [[allele]]s render an individual vulnerable to developing AS; if this is the case, the particular combination of alleles would determine the severity and symptoms for each individual with AS.<ref name=NINDS/>
-If you have any of the symptoms listed above, or if you have taken the linked test, then you are DEFINITELY  an Asspie, and need to "come out" to your [[flist]] about your [[bullshit|"special gift"]] NOW, while immediately affixing the appropriate pro-aspie userboxes to your [[Wikipedia admin]] page so that people know never to argue with you, ever, because that would be [[racist|discrimination]]. Some brave asspie named [[Awesome|Jeremy orkin]] (username:godhatesautism) came out of the closet and told everyone [[Truth|that aspie fucktards are dumb faggots.]] He was most likely killed by zionist asspie cia agents.
+A few ASD cases have been linked to exposure to [[teratogen]]s (agents that cause [[birth defect]]s) during the first eight weeks from [[Human fertilization|conception]]. Although this does not exclude the possibility that ASD can be initiated or affected later, it is strong evidence that it arises very early in development.<ref name=Arndt>{{cite journal |journal= Int J Dev Neurosci |year=2005 |volume=23 |issue=2–3 |pages=189–99 |title= The teratology of autism |author= Arndt TL, Stodgell CJ, Rodier PM |doi=10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.11.001 |pmid=15749245}}</ref> Many [[environmental factors]] have been hypothesized to act after birth, but none has been confirmed by scientific investigation.<ref>{{cite journal |author= [[Michael Rutter|Rutter M]] |title= Incidence of autism spectrum disorders: changes over time and their meaning |journal= Acta Paediatr |volume=94 |issue=1 |year=2005 |pages=2–15 |pmid=15858952 |doi= 10.1080/08035250410023124}}</ref>
-==Treatment for asperger's==
+==Mechanism==
-* Open drawer
+{{further|[[Autism#Mechanism|Mechanism of autism]]}}
-* Get money
+Asperger syndrome appears to result from developmental factors that affect many or all functional brain systems, as opposed to localized effects.<ref name=Mueller>{{cite journal |journal= Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev |year=2007 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=85–95 |title= The study of autism as a distributed disorder |author= Müller RA |doi=10.1002/mrdd.20141 |pmid=17326118}}</ref> Although the specific underpinnings of AS or factors that distinguish it from other ASDs are unknown, and no clear pathology common to individuals with AS has emerged,<ref name=McPartland/> it is still possible that AS's mechanism is separate from other ASD.<ref>{{cite journal |journal= Aust N Z J Psychiatry |year=2002 |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=762–70 |title= A clinical and neurobehavioural review of high-functioning autism and Asperger's disorder |author= Rinehart NJ, Bradshaw JL, Brereton AV, Tonge BJ |pmid=12406118 |doi=10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01097.x}}</ref> [[Neuroanatomy|Neuroanatomical]] studies and the associations with [[Teratology|teratogens]] strongly suggest that the mechanism includes alteration of brain development soon after conception.<ref name=Arndt/> Abnormal migration of embryonic cells during [[fetal development]] may affect the final structure and connectivity of the brain, resulting in alterations in the neural circuits that control thought and behavior.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Berthier ML, Starkstein SE, Leiguarda R |title= Developmental cortical anomalies in Asperger's syndrome: neuroradiological findings in two patients |journal= J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=197–201 |year=1990 |pmid=2136076}}</ref> Several theories of mechanism are available; none are likely to provide a complete explanation.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Happé F, Ronald A, Plomin R |title= Time to give up on a single explanation for autism |journal= Nat Neurosci |year=2006 |volume=9 |issue=10 |pages=1218–20 |pmid=17001340 |doi=10.1038/nn1770}}</ref>
-* Go to the gun shop
-* Buy [[gun]]
-* Buy ammo
-* Load gun with ammo
-* Point gun at head
-* [[An Hero|Pull trigger]]
-* Repeat [[Fail|if necessary]]
-==Asspie national anthem==
+[[Image:FMRI.jpg|thumb|alt=Monochrome fMRI image of a horizontal cross-section of a human brain. A few regions, mostly to the rear, are highlighted in orange and yellow.|[[Functional magnetic resonance imaging]] provides some evidence for both underconnectivity and mirror neuron theories.<ref name=Just/><ref name=Iacoboni/>]]
-{{quote|
+The underconnectivity theory hypothesizes underfunctioning high-level neural connections and synchronization, along with an excess of low-level processes.<ref name=Just>{{cite journal |journal= Cereb Cortex |year=2007 |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=951–61 |title= Functional and anatomical cortical underconnectivity in autism: evidence from an FMRI study of an executive function task and corpus callosum morphometry |author= Just MA, Cherkassky VL, Keller TA, Kana RK, Minshew NJ |doi=10.1093/cercor/bhl006 |pmid=16772313 |url=http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/17/4/951}}</ref> It maps well to general-processing theories such as [[weak central coherence theory]], which hypothesizes that a limited ability to see the big picture underlies the central disturbance in ASD.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Happé F, [[Uta Frith|Frith U]] |title= The weak coherence account: detail-focused cognitive style in autism spectrum disorders |journal= J Autism Dev Disord |year=2006 |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=5–25 |doi=10.1007/s10803-005-0039-0 |pmid=16450045}}</ref> A related theory—enhanced perceptual functioning—focuses more on the superiority of locally oriented and [[perceptual]] operations in autistic individuals.<ref>{{cite journal |journal= J Autism Dev Disord |year=2006 |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=27–43 |title= Enhanced perceptual functioning in autism: an update, and eight principles of autistic perception |author= Mottron L, [[Michelle Dawson|Dawson M]], Soulières I, Hubert B, Burack J |doi=10.1007/s10803-005-0040-7 |pmid=16453071}}</ref>
-If you're an asspie and you know it flap your hands (flap flap)<br/>
-If you're an asspie and you know it flap your hands (flap flap)<br/>
-If you're an asspie and you know it then your complex body motions will show it<br/>
-If you're an asspie and you know it flap your hands (flap flap)<br/>
-|Asspie national anthem|}}
-Now all together let's sing along, to the Aspie National anthem song below!
+The [[Mirror neuron|mirror neuron system]] (MNS) theory hypothesizes that alterations to the development of the MNS interfere with imitation and lead to Asperger's core feature of social impairment.<ref name=Iacoboni>{{cite journal |journal= Nat Rev Neurosci |year=2006 |volume=7 |issue=12 |pages=942–51 |title= The mirror neuron system and the consequences of its dysfunction |author= Iacoboni M, Dapretto M |doi=10.1038/nrn2024 |pmid=17115076}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |journal= Sci Am |year=2006 |volume=295 |issue=5 |pages=62–9 |title= Broken mirrors: a theory of autism |author= [[Vilayanur S. Ramachandran|Ramachandran VS]], Oberman LM |pmid=17076085 |url=http://cbc.ucsd.edu/pdf/brokenmirrors_asd.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2009-02-13 |doi= 10.1038/scientificamerican1106-62}}</ref> For example, one study found that activation is delayed in the core circuit for imitation in individuals with AS.<ref>{{cite journal |journal= Ann Neurol |year=2004 |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=558–62 |title= Abnormal imitation-related cortical activation sequences in Asperger's syndrome |author= Nishitani N, Avikainen S, Hari R |doi=10.1002/ana.20031 |pmid=15048895}}</ref> This theory maps well to [[social cognition]] theories like the [[theory of mind]], which hypothesizes that autistic behavior arises from impairments in ascribing mental states to oneself and others,<ref>{{cite journal |author= Baron-Cohen S, Leslie AM, Frith U |title= Does the autistic child have a 'theory of mind'? |journal=Cognition |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=37–46 |year=1985 |doi=10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 |pmid=2934210 |url=http://ruccs.rutgers.edu/~aleslie/Baron-Cohen%20Leslie%20&%20Frith%201985.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2007-06-28}}</ref> or [[EQ SQ theory|hyper-systemizing]], which hypothesizes that autistic individuals can systematize internal operation to handle internal events but are less effective at [[Empathy|empathizing]] by handling events generated by other agents.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Baron-Cohen S |title= The hyper-systemizing, assortative mating theory of autism |journal= Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry |year=2006 |volume=30 |issue=5 |pages=865–72 |doi=10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.01.010 |pmid=16519981 |url=http://autismresearchcentre.com/docs/papers/2006_BC_Neuropsychophamacology.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2009-06-08}}</ref>
-http://youtu.be/FnvlPhOnUd8
+Other possible mechanisms include [[serotonin]] dysfunction<ref>{{cite journal |journal= Am J Psychiatry |year=2006 |volume=163 |issue=5 |pages=934–6 |title= Cortical serotonin 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor binding and social communication in adults with Asperger's syndrome: an in vivo SPECT study |author= Murphy DG, Daly E, Schmitz N ''et al.'' |doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.163.5.934 |pmid=16648340 |url=http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/163/5/934 }}</ref> and [[cerebellar]] dysfunction.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Cerebellum |year=2005 |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=279–89 |title= Behavioural aspects of cerebellar function in adults with Asperger syndrome |author= Gowen E, Miall RC |doi=10.1080/14734220500355332 |pmid=16321884}}</ref>
-One last time in Asspie Language:
+==Screening==
+Parents of children with Asperger syndrome can typically trace differences in their children's development to as early as 30 months of age.<ref name=Foster/> Developmental screening during a routine [[check-up]] by a [[general practitioner]] or pediatrician may identify signs that warrant further investigation.<ref name=McPartland/><ref name=NINDS/> The diagnosis of AS is complicated by the use of several different screening instruments,<ref name=NINDS/><ref name=EhlGill/> including the Asperger Syndrome Diagnostic Scale (ASDS), Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test (CAST), [[Gilliam Asperger's Disorder Scale]] (GADS), Krug Asperger's Disorder Index (KADI),<ref>{{cite journal |journal= J Autism Dev Disord |year=2005 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=25–35 |title= Diagnostic assessment of Asperger's disorder: a review of five third-party rating scales |author= Campbell JM |doi=10.1007/s10803-004-1028-4 |pmid=15796119}}</ref> and the [[Autism Spectrum Quotient]] (AQ; with versions for children,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Auyeung B, Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Allison C |title= The Autism Spectrum Quotient: Children's Version (AQ-Child) |journal= J Autism Dev Disord |volume=38 |issue=7 |pages=1230–40 |year=2008 |pmid=18064550 |doi=10.1007/s10803-007-0504-z |url=http://autismresearchcenter.com/docs/papers/2008_Auyeung_etal_ChildAQ.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2009-01-02}}</ref> adolescents<ref>{{cite journal |author= Baron-Cohen S, Hoekstra RA, Knickmeyer R, Wheelwright S |title= The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ)—adolescent version |journal= J Autism Dev Disord |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=343–50 |year=2006 |pmid=16552625 |doi=10.1007/s10803-006-0073-6 |url=http://autismresearchcenter.com/docs/papers/2006_BC_Hoekstra_etal_AQ-adol.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2009-01-02}}</ref> and adults<ref>{{cite journal |journal= J Autism Dev Disord |year=2005 |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=331–5 |title= Screening adults for Asperger Syndrome using the AQ: a preliminary study of its diagnostic validity in clinical practice |author= Woodbury-Smith MR, Robinson J, Wheelwright S, Baron-Cohen S |doi=10.1007/s10803-005-3300-7 |pmid=16119474 |url=http://autismresearchcentre.com/docs/papers/2005_Woodbury-Smith_etal_ScreeningAdultsForAS.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2009-01-02}}</ref>). None have been shown to reliably differentiate between AS and other ASDs.<ref name=McPartland/>
-http://youtu.be/VTT65YMfTyQ
+==Diagnosis==
+{{Main|Diagnosis of Asperger syndrome}}
+Standard diagnostic criteria require impairment in social interaction and repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, activities and interests, without significant delay in language or cognitive development. Unlike the international standard,<ref name=ICD-10-F84.0/> U.S. criteria also require significant impairment in day-to-day functioning.<ref name=BehaveNet/> Other sets of diagnostic criteria have been proposed by [[Peter_Szatmari#Diagnostic criteria for Asperger Syndrome|Szatmari ''et al.'']]<ref>{{cite journal |journal= Can J Psychiatry |year=1989 |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=554–60 |title= Asperger's syndrome: a review of clinical features |author= Szatmari P, Bremner R, Nagy J |pmid=2766209}}</ref> and by [[Christopher Gillberg#Gillberg's criteria for Asperger syndrome|Gillberg and Gillberg]].<ref name=Gill>{{cite journal |journal= J Child Psychol Psychiatry |year=1989 |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=631–8 |title= Asperger syndrome—some epidemiological considerations: a research note |author= Gillberg IC, Gillberg C |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x |pmid=2670981}}</ref>
-==Having Asperger's Syndrome==
+Diagnosis is most commonly made between the ages of four and eleven.<ref name="McPartland"/> A comprehensive assessment involves a multidisciplinary team<ref name="Baskin"/><ref name=NINDS/><ref name=Fitzgerald/> that observes across multiple settings,<ref name=McPartland/> and includes neurological and genetic assessment as well as tests for cognition, psychomotor function, verbal and nonverbal strengths and weaknesses, style of learning, and skills for independent living.<ref name=NINDS/> The "gold standard" in diagnosing ASDs combines clinical judgment with the [[Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised]] (ADI-R)—a semistructured parent interview—and the [[Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule]] (ADOS)—a conversation and play-based interview with the child.<ref name=Woodbury-Smith>{{cite journal |author=Woodbury-Smith MR, Volkmar FR |title=Asperger syndrome |journal=Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=2–11 |year=2009 |month=January |pmid=18563474 |doi=10.1007/s00787-008-0701-0}}</ref> Delayed or mistaken diagnosis can be traumatic for individuals and families; for example, misdiagnosis can lead to medications that worsen behavior.<ref name=Fitzgerald/><ref name="leskovec">{{cite journal |author=Leskovec TJ, Rowles BM, Findling RL |title=Pharmacological treatment options for autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents |journal=Harv Rev Psychiatry |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=97–112 |year=2008 |pmid=18415882 |doi=10.1080/10673220802075852}}</ref> Many children with AS are initially misdiagnosed with [[attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder]] (ADHD).<ref name="McPartland"/> Diagnosing adults is more challenging, as standard diagnostic criteria are designed for children and the expression of AS changes with age;<ref>{{cite journal |author=Tantam D |title=The challenge of adolescents and adults with Asperger syndrome |journal=Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=143–63 |year=2003 |pmid=12512403 |url=http://www.childpsych.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1056499302000536/fulltext |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00053-6 }}</ref> adult diagnosis requires painstaking clinical examination and thorough [[medical history]] gained from both the individual and other people who know the person, focusing on childhood behavior.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Roy M, Dillo W, Emrich HM, Ohlmeier MD |title=Asperger's syndrome in adulthood |journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int |volume=106 |issue=5 |pages=59–64 |year=2009 |pmid=19562011 |pmc=2695286 |doi=10.3238/arztebl.2009.0059 }}</ref> Conditions that must be considered in a [[differential diagnosis]] include other ASDs, the [[schizophrenia spectrum]], ADHD, [[obsessive compulsive disorder]], [[major depressive disorder]], [[semantic pragmatic disorder]], [[nonverbal learning disorder]],<ref name=Fitzgerald>{{cite journal |author=Fitzgerald M, Corvin A |year=2001 |doi=10.1192/apt.7.4.310 |url=http://apt.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/full/7/4/310 |title=Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Asperger syndrome |journal=Adv Psychiatric Treat |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=310–8 }}</ref> [[Tourette syndrome]],<ref name=RapinTS/> [[stereotypic movement disorder]] and [[bipolar disorder]].<ref name=Foster>{{cite journal |journal=Curr Opin Pediatr |year=2003 |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=491–4 |title=Asperger syndrome: to be or not to be? |author=Foster B, King BH |pmid=14508298 |doi=10.1097/00008480-200310000-00008 }}</ref>
-===. . . As Covering Up for Being a Total [[Fucktard]]===
-[[Image:DoIHazASSPIES.jpg|thumb|They don't even know where to draw the fucken line between douche bag and Aspie.]]
+Underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis are problems in marginal cases. The cost and difficulty of screening and assessment can delay diagnosis. Conversely, the increasing popularity of drug treatment options and the expansion of benefits has motivated providers to overdiagnose ASD.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Shattuck PT, Grosse SD |title= Issues related to the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorders |journal= Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev |year=2007 |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=129–35 |doi=10.1002/mrdd.20143 |pmid=17563895}}</ref> There are indications AS has been diagnosed more frequently in recent years, partly as a residual diagnosis for children of normal intelligence who do not have autism but have social difficulties.<ref name=Klin-Volkmar/> In 2006, it was reported to be the fastest-growing psychiatric diagnosis in [[Silicon Valley]] children; also, there is a predilection for adults to self-diagnose it.<ref>{{cite news |author=Markel H |title=The trouble with Asperger's syndrome |work=Medscape Today |publisher=WebMD |date=2006-04-13 }}</ref> There are questions about the [[external validity]] of the AS diagnosis. That is, it is unclear whether there is a practical benefit in distinguishing AS from HFA and from PDD-NOS;<ref name=Klin-Volkmar>{{cite journal |journal= Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am |year=2003 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=1–13 |title= Asperger syndrome: diagnosis and external validity |author= Klin A, Volkmar FR |pmid=12512395 |url=http://www.childpsych.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1056499302000524/fulltext |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00052-4}}</ref> the same child can receive different diagnoses depending on the screening tool.<ref name="NINDS"/> The debate about distinguishing AS from HFA is partly due to a [[Tautology (rhetoric)|tautological dilemma]] where disorders are defined based on severity of impairment, so that studies that appear to confirm differences based on severity are to be expected.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Toth K, King BH |title= Asperger's syndrome: diagnosis and treatment |journal= Am J Psychiatry |volume=165 |issue=8 |pages=958–63 |year=2008 |pmid=18676600 |doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08020272 |url=http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/165/8/958}}</ref>
-Some close-knit communities of "people", such as [[furries]], [[plushie|plushies]], and [[otherkin]] possess such distorted views of reality as to be particularly susceptible to forming a belief that their ostracism is due to victimization by outside factors. They will not infrequently claim to have Assburger's or be [[Autism|Autistic]] en masse, often finding some way to tie its manifestations into the fact that they are social misfits. The truth is, though, that they're just complete assholes and fail at proper expression of affection. In certain instances, having "Assburger's" seems to be correlated with the posting of disgusting and semi-nude pictures of yourself frequently on the [[internet]] and local [[AIDS]] awareness seminars, or writing [http://www.fanfiction.net/u/370928/ highly disturbed] [[fanfiction]]. Additionally, it is not unheard of for these individuals to claim multiple, even superficially seemingly incompatible diagnoses of a plethora of diseases -- possibly claiming [[fat|anorexia]], ADHD, autism, Asperger's, [[batshit|schizophrenia]], OCD, and anything else they've ever read about or seen on CSI.
+==Management==
+{{See|Autism therapies}}
+Asperger syndrome treatment attempts to manage distressing symptoms and to teach age-appropriate social, communication and vocational skills that are not naturally acquired during development,<ref name="McPartland"/> with intervention tailored to the needs of the individual based on multidisciplinary assessment.<ref>{{cite journal |journal= Compr Psychiatry |year=2004 |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=184–91 |title= Asperger's disorder: a review of its diagnosis and treatment |author= Khouzam HR, El-Gabalawi F, Pirwani N, Priest F |doi=10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.02.004 |pmid=15124148}}</ref> Although progress has been made, data supporting the efficacy of particular interventions are limited.<ref name="McPartland"/><ref>{{cite journal |author= Attwood T |title= Frameworks for behavioral interventions |journal= Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=65–86 |year=2003 |pmid=12512399 |url=http://www.childpsych.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1056499302000548/fulltext |doi= 10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00054-8}}</ref>
-===. . . As an excuse for violent crime===
+===Therapies===
+The ideal treatment for AS coordinates therapies that address core symptoms of the disorder, including poor communication skills and obsessive or repetitive routines. While most professionals agree that the earlier the intervention, the better, there is no single best treatment package.<ref name=NINDS/> AS treatment resembles that of other high-functioning ASDs, except that it takes into account the linguistic capabilities, verbal strengths, and nonverbal vulnerabilities of individuals with AS.<ref name=McPartland/> A typical program generally includes:<ref name=NINDS/>
+* The training of [[social skill]]s for more effective interpersonal interactions,<ref>{{cite journal |author= Krasny L, Williams BJ, Provencal S, Ozonoff S |title= Social skills interventions for the autism spectrum: essential ingredients and a model curriculum |journal= Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=107–22 |year=2003 |pmid=12512401 |url=http://www.childpsych.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1056499302000512/fulltext |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00051-2}}</ref>
+* [[Cognitive behavioral therapy]] to improve [[stress management]] relating to anxiety or explosive emotions,<ref name=Myles>{{cite journal |author= Myles BS |title= Behavioral forms of stress management for individuals with Asperger syndrome |journal= Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=123–41 |year=2003 |pmid=12512402 |url=http://www.childpsych.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1056499302000482/fulltext |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00048-2}}</ref> and to cut back on obsessive interests and repetitive routines,
+* [[Medication]], for coexisting conditions such as major depressive disorder and [[anxiety disorder]],<ref name=Towbin/>
+* [[Occupational therapy|occupational]] or [[physical therapy]] to assist with poor [[sensory integration]] and [[motor coordination]],
+* [[Social communication]] intervention, which is specialized [[speech therapy]] to help with the [[pragmatics]] of the give and take of normal conversation,<ref>{{cite journal |author= Paul R |title= Promoting social communication in high functioning individuals with autistic spectrum disorders |journal= Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=87–106 |year=2003 |pmid=12512400 |url=http://www.childpsych.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1056499302000470/fulltext |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00047-0}}</ref>
+* The training and support of parents, particularly in behavioral techniques to use in the home.
-There have been many examples of Assburger's being an excuse for murder, rape or other violent crime recently. For example, [[Nicky Reilly]], an Aspie with the IQ of a 10-year-old, had attempted to bomb a cafe for his [[Allah]] in the UK. His lawyers then bawled about Asperger's Syndrome and his mental retardation. Also, John Odgren has made national news for murdering a classmate in a wealthy town in Massachusetts. He has used Asperger's Syndrome as a defense with moderate success.
+Of the many studies on behavior-based early intervention programs, most are [[case studies]] of up to five participants, and typically examine a few problem behaviors such as [[self-injury]], [[aggression]], noncompliance, [[Stereotypy|stereotypies<!--Not "stereotypes"-->]], or spontaneous language; unintended [[Adverse effect (medicine)|side effects]] are largely ignored.<ref name=interrev>{{cite journal |author= Matson JL |title= Determining treatment outcome in early intervention programs for autism spectrum disorders: a critical analysis of measurement issues in learning based interventions |journal= Res Dev Disabil |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=207–18 |year=2007 |pmid=16682171 |doi=10.1016/j.ridd.2005.07.006}}</ref> Despite the popularity of social skills training, its effectiveness is not firmly established.<ref>{{cite journal |journal= J Autism Dev Disord |year=2008 |title= Social skills interventions for children with Asperger's syndrome or high-functioning autism: a review and recommendations |author= Rao PA, Beidel DC, Murray MJ |doi=10.1007/s10803-007-0402-4 |pmid=17641962 |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=353–61}}</ref> A randomized controlled study of a model for training parents in problem behaviors in their children with AS showed that parents attending a one-day workshop or six individual lessons reported fewer behavioral problems, while parents receiving the individual lessons reported less intense behavioral problems in their AS children.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Sofronoff K, Leslie A, Brown W |title= Parent management training and Asperger syndrome: a randomized controlled trial to evaluate a parent based intervention |journal=Autism |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=301–17 |year=2004 |pmid=15358872 |doi=10.1177/1362361304045215}}</ref> Vocational training is important to teach job interview etiquette and workplace behavior to older children and adults with AS, and organization software and personal data assistants can improve the work and life management of people with AS.<ref name="McPartland"/>
-===Edison Was an Asspie, So That Makes Me Speshul!===
+===Medications===
+No medications directly treat the core symptoms of AS.<ref name=Towbin>{{cite journal |author= Towbin KE |title= Strategies for pharmacologic treatment of high functioning autism and Asperger syndrome |journal= Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=23–45 |year=2003 |pmid=12512397 |url=http://www.childpsych.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1056499302000494/fulltext |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00049-4}}</ref> Although research into the efficacy of pharmaceutical intervention for AS is limited,<ref name="McPartland"/> it is essential to diagnose and treat [[Comorbidity|comorbid]] conditions.<ref name="Baskin"/> Deficits in self-identifying emotions or in observing effects of one's behavior on others can make it difficult for individuals with AS to see why medication may be appropriate.<ref name=Towbin/> Medication can be effective in combination with behavioral interventions and environmental accommodations in treating comorbid symptoms such as anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, inattention and aggression.<ref name="McPartland"/> The [[atypical antipsychotic]] medications [[risperidone]] and [[olanzapine]] have been shown to reduce the associated symptoms of AS;<ref name="McPartland"/> risperidone can reduce repetitive and self-injurious behaviors, aggressive outbursts and impulsivity, and improve stereotypical patterns of behavior and social relatedness. The [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]]s (SSRIs) [[fluoxetine]], [[fluvoxamine]] and [[sertraline]] have been effective in treating restricted and repetitive interests and behaviors.<ref name="McPartland"/><ref name="Baskin"/><ref name="Foster"/>
-{{quote|There is a general impression that Assburger's syndrome carries with it superior intelligence and a tendency to become very interested in and preoccupied with a particular subject.| A [[fucktard]] making excuses. Explains why asspies are passionate about doing nothing.}}
+Care must be taken with medications, as side effects may be more common and harder to evaluate in individuals with AS, and tests of drugs' effectiveness against comorbid conditions routinely exclude individuals from the autism spectrum.<ref name=Towbin/> Abnormalities in [[metabolism]], [[Electrical conduction system of the heart|cardiac conduction]] times, and an increased risk of [[Diabetes mellitus type 2|type 2 diabetes]] have been raised as concerns with these medications,<ref name="Newcomer">{{cite journal |author= Newcomer JW |title= Antipsychotic medications: metabolic and cardiovascular risk |journal= J Clin Psychiatry |volume=68 |issue= suppl 4 |pages=8–13 |year=2007 |pmid=17539694 }}</ref><ref name="Chavez">{{cite journal |author= Chavez B, Chavez-Brown M, Sopko MA, Rey JA |title= Atypical antipsychotics in children with pervasive developmental disorders |journal= Pediatr Drugs |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=249–66 |year=2007 |pmid=17705564 |doi= 10.2165/00148581-200709040-00006}}</ref> along with serious long-term neurological side effects.<ref name=interrev/> SSRIs can lead to manifestations of behavioral activation such as increased impulsivity, aggression and [[sleep disturbance]].<ref name="Foster"/> [[Weight gain]] and fatigue are commonly reported side effects of risperidone, which may also lead to increased risk for [[extrapyramidal symptoms]] such as restlessness and [[dystonia]]<ref name="Foster"/> and increased serum [[prolactin]] levels.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Staller J |title= The effect of long-term antipsychotic treatment on prolactin |journal= J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=317–26 |year=2006 |pmid=16768639 |doi=10.1089/cap.2006.16.317}}</ref> Sedation and weight gain are more common with [[olanzapine]],<ref name="Chavez"/> which has also been linked with diabetes.<ref name="Newcomer"/> Sedative side-effects in school-age children<ref>{{cite journal |journal= Ann Pharmacother |year=2007 |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=626–34 |title= Use of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of autistic disorder |author= Stachnik JM, Nunn-Thompson C |doi=10.1345/aph.1H527 |pmid=17389666}}</ref> have ramifications for classroom learning. Individuals with AS may be unable to identify and communicate their internal moods and emotions or to tolerate side effects that for most people would not be problematic.<ref>{{cite journal |title= Asperger syndrome and high functioning autism: research concerns and emerging foci |journal= Curr Opin Psychiatry |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=535–542 |year=2003 |author= Blacher J, Kraemer B, Schalow M |doi=10.1097/00001504-200309000-00008}}</ref>
-Websites such as [http://www.allthingsaspergers.com/ this] try to facilitate the asspie myth that some of history’s most famous geniuses and philosophers had the condition. People such as Jew (of course), Beethoven, and Mozart all supposedly had the affliction. Yes, all the whiny, self-diagnosed people you have read about on this page have all the [[Lie|untapped creative energy that Thomas Edison had]].  Unfortunately, none of them appear to have any of the talents Edison did tap into, (which just happen to be the good ones).  All of the things mentioned by the site are part of the [[Jews did WTC|conspiracy]] by those with assburgers to show that the disease is at the higher end of the autistic spectrum. Coincidentally though, most of the people who they listed have been dead for years so there is no way of telling if they had the disease or not.
+==Prognosis==
+There is some evidence that children with AS may see a lessening of symptoms; up to 20% of children may no longer meet the diagnostic criteria as adults, although social and communication difficulties may persist.<ref name=Woodbury-Smith/> As of 2006, no studies addressing the long-term outcome of individuals with Asperger syndrome are available and there are no systematic long-term follow-up studies of children with AS.<ref name="Klin"/> Individuals with AS appear to have normal [[life expectancy]], but have an increased [[prevalence]] of [[comorbid]] [[Psychiatry|psychiatric]] conditions, such as major depressive disorder and anxiety disorder that may significantly affect [[prognosis]].<ref name="McPartland"/><ref name=Woodbury-Smith/> Although social impairment is lifelong, the outcome is generally more positive than with individuals with lower functioning autism spectrum disorders;<ref name="McPartland"/> for example, ASD symptoms are more likely to diminish with time in children with AS or HFA.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Pediatrics |year=2005 |volume=116 |issue=1 |pages=117–22 |title= Modeling clinical outcome of children with autistic spectrum disorders |author= Coplan J, Jawad AF |doi=10.1542/peds.2004-1118 |pmid=15995041 |url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/116/1/117 |laysummary=http://stokes.chop.edu/publications/press/?ID=181 |laysource=press release |laydate=2005-07-05}}</ref> Although most students with AS/HFA have average mathematical ability and test slightly worse in mathematics than in general intelligence, some are gifted in mathematics<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Autism |year=2007 |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=547–56 |title= Mathematical ability of students with Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism |author= Chiang HM, Lin YH |doi=10.1177/1362361307083259 |pmid=17947290 |url=http://aut.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/11/6/547 |format=PDF |accessdate=2009-03-06}}</ref> and AS has not prevented some adults from major accomplishments such as winning the [[Nobel Prize]].<ref>{{cite news |author= Herera S |title= Mild autism has 'selective advantages' |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7030731/ |date=2005-02-25 |accessdate=2007-11-14 |publisher=CNBC}}</ref>
-===Asspies are responsible for all the evil in history===
+Children with AS may require [[special education]] services because of their social and behavioral difficulties although many attend regular education classes.<ref name="Klin"/> Adolescents with AS may exhibit ongoing difficulty with [[self care]], organization and disturbances in social and romantic relationships; despite high cognitive potential, most young adults with AS remain at home, although some do marry and work independently.<ref name="McPartland"/> The "different-ness" adolescents experience can be traumatic.<ref name="Moran">{{cite journal |author= Moran M |url=http://pn.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/41/19/21 |title= Asperger's may be answer to diagnostic mysteries |journal= Psychiatr News |year=2006 |volume=41 |issue=19 |page=21 }}</ref> Anxiety may stem from preoccupation over possible violations of routines and rituals, from being placed in a situation without a clear schedule or expectations, or from [[Social anxiety|concern with failing in social encounters]];<ref name=McPartland/> the resulting stress may manifest as inattention, withdrawal, reliance on obsessions, hyperactivity, or aggressive or oppositional behavior.<ref name=Myles/> Depression is often the result of chronic frustration from repeated failure to engage others socially, and [[mood disorder]]s requiring treatment may develop.<ref name="McPartland"/> Clinical experience suggests the rate of suicide may be higher among those with AS, but this has not been confirmed by systematic empirical studies.<ref>{{cite book |title= Asperger's Disorder |editor= Rausch JL, Johnson ME, Casanova MF (eds.) |publisher= Informa Healthcare |year=2008 |chapter= Asperger syndrome—mortality and morbidity |author= Gillberg C |pages=63–80 |isbn=0-8493-8360-9}}</ref>
-Whenever you look through history at all the [[jews did wtc|horrid things]] that have happened, you can probably find an Aspie that was responsible for them. The [[Nazi]]'s were all Aspies. Adolph Hitler was an Aspie ([http://www.lakartidningen.se/store/articlepdf/1/11854/LKT0917s1201_1204.pdf sauce]) as can be discerned by his manner of speech where he flailed his arms around. [[moonspeak|Obersturmbannführer]] Adolf Eichmann was an aspie, he basically kept track of every single Jew in the [[Germany|Third Reich]] (basically most of Europe) to excruciating detail. Reichsführer-SS Himmler was definitely an Aspie as can be seen by his blank Aspie stare. The [[Unabomber]] Ted Kaczynski, Serial Killers Ted Bundy and [[Jeffrey Dahmer]] were also Aspies.
+Education of families is critical in developing strategies for understanding strengths and weaknesses;<ref name="Baskin"/> helping the family to cope improves outcomes in children.<ref name=Tsatsanis/> Prognosis may be improved by diagnosis at a younger age that allows for early interventions, while interventions in adulthood are valuable but less beneficial.<ref name="Baskin"/> There are legal implications for individuals with AS as they run the risk of exploitation by others and may be unable to comprehend the societal implications of their actions.<ref name="Baskin"/>
-===Asspie Dating===
+==Epidemiology==
-[[Image:Wapanesewithpocky.jpg|thumb|right|The typical kind of asshole you see on the internet saying he has Assburger's, is an [[agnostic]] [[libertarian]] and [[lie|dates a Japanese porn star seiyu]]]]
+{{See|Conditions comorbid to autism spectrum disorders}}
-[[Image:Aspiesexting.JPG|thumb|right|Bent Aspie cawk.]]
+[[Prevalence]] estimates vary enormously. A 2003 review of [[Epidemiological study|epidemiological]] studies of children found autism [[prevalence]] rates ranging from 0.03 to 4.84 per 1,000,
+with the ratio of autism to Asperger syndrome ranging from 1.5:1 to 16:1;<ref>{{cite journal |journal= Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am |year=2003 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=15–21 |title= Epidemiologic data on Asperger disorder |author= [[Eric Fombonne|Fombonne E]], Tidmarsh L |pmid=12512396 |url=http://www.childpsych.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1056499302000500/fulltext |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00050-0}}</ref> combining the geometric mean ratio of 5:1 with a conservative prevalence estimate for autism of 1.3 per 1,000 suggests indirectly that the prevalence of AS might be around 0.26 per 1,000.<ref>{{cite book |chapter= Epidemiological surveys of pervasive developmental disorders |author= Fombonne E |pages=33–68 |title= Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders |edition=2nd |editor= Volkmar FR |publisher= Cambridge University Press |year=2007 |isbn=0-521-54957-4}}</ref> Part of the variance in estimates arises from [[Diagnosis of Asperger syndrome#Multiple sets of diagnostic criteria|differences in diagnostic criteria]]. For example, a relatively small 2007 study of 5,484 eight-year-old children in Finland found 2.9 children per 1,000 met the ICD-10 criteria for an AS diagnosis, 2.7 per 1,000 for Gillberg and Gillberg criteria, 2.5 for DSM-IV, 1.6 for Szatmari ''et al.'', and 4.3 per 1,000 for the union of the four criteria. Boys seem to be more likely to have AS than girls; estimates of the sex ratio range from 1.6:1 to 4:1, using the Gillberg and Gillberg criteria.<ref name=Mattila/>
-As they are socially retarded, [[dying alone|Asspies]] do not know the proper way to get a girlfriend even though they are very attracted to [[hawt]]. Therefore, they will do stupid things that make them look like rapists.  Common Ass Burgers Syndrome suffers often use the following methods.
+Anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder are the most common conditions seen at the same time; [[comorbidity]] of these in persons with AS is estimated at 65%.<ref name=McPartland/> Depression is common in adolescents and adults; children are likely to present with [[Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder|ADHD]].<ref name=Ghaziuddin><!-- This article is not available online, even though all the other articles in that journal issue are online. What gives? Perhaps we can find a better source? -->{{cite journal |author= Ghaziuddin M, Weidmer-Mikhail E, Ghaziuddin N |title= Comorbidity of Asperger syndrome: a preliminary report |journal= J Intellect Disabil Res |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=279–83 |year=1998 |pmid=9786442 |doi=  10.1111/j.1365-2788.1998.tb01647.x}}</ref> Reports have associated AS with [[medical conditions]] such as [[aminoaciduria]] and [[ligamentous laxity]], but these have been case reports or small studies and no factors have been associated with AS across studies.<ref name="McPartland"/> One study of males with AS found an increased rate of [[epilepsy]] and a high rate (51%) of [[nonverbal learning disorder]].<ref>{{cite journal |author= Cederlund M, Gillberg C |title= One hundred males with Asperger syndrome: a clinical study of background and associated factors |journal= Dev Med Child Neurol |volume=46 |issue=10 |pages=652–60 |year=2004 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00977.x |pmid=15473168}}</ref> AS is associated with [[tic]]s, [[Tourette syndrome]], and [[bipolar disorder]], and the repetitive behaviors of AS have many similarities with the symptoms of [[obsessive-compulsive disorder]] and [[obsessive-compulsive personality disorder]].<ref>{{cite journal |author= Gillberg C, Billstedt E |title= Autism and Asperger syndrome: coexistence with other clinical disorders |journal= Acta Psychiatr Scand |volume=102 |issue=5 |pages=321–30 |year=2000 |doi=10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102005321.x |pmid=11098802}}</ref> However many of these studies are based on [[sampling bias|clinical samples]] or lack standardized measures; nonetheless, comorbid conditions are relatively common.<ref name=Woodbury-Smith/>
-*Use of stupid [[PUA|pickup lines from the internet]].
-*Fucktarded frankness: "Wow, we have a lot in common...when do we have sex?"
-*Seeing a girl that is hot when on a bathroom break at school and following her into the girls bathroom and then blurting out "I want to kiss you!"
-*[[Masturbation|Masturbating]] behind a girl in Science Class. Or maybe just to the Igneous rocks. Sicko.
-*And, natural successor to the above, [http://www.slate.com/id/2210565/ Masturbating across the office from a female co-worker]
-*Talking to a girl in public, and when she smiles it is taken as a request to show up at her house in the middle of the night.
-*Walking up to a girl and asking her to spank his bottom.
-*[http://www.wrongplanet.net/postxf68806-0-150.html Online stalking and/or asking for girlfriends repeatedly in chat rooms] ''Dude... seriously... leave me the hell alone.''
-*[[Kevin Havens|Finding a woman in far worse physical condition than themselves and possessing very low standards and becoming her "caretaker"]].
-*[[Kevin Havens|More or less giving up on meaningful human contact and spending all of their money on sex dolls.]]
-*[[Chris-chan|Loitering in malls with a sign that says they're looking for a "Boyfriend-Free Girl"]]
-*Not caring if a woman is married or taken and still chasing after her and trying to get her to sit on his lap.
-*Making weird [[Furry|animal]] sounds at inappropriate times.
-==The Legend of Hugbox Island==
+==History==
-[[Image:Aspergerdance.gif|thumb|Unremarkable retards perform their special tribal dance used to summon Neptune, or some shit.]]
+{{Main|History of Asperger syndrome}}
-I'm sure you are thinking after reading all of this "WHAT THE FUCK IS WRONG WITH THESE PEOPLE?". Or alternatively, "that sounds just like me" (if the latter describes you, you should immediately administer a bullet to your head, if symptoms persist, please ask someone else to administer the bullet for you).
+Named after the Austrian pediatrician [[Hans Asperger]] (1906–1980), Asperger syndrome is a relatively new diagnosis in the field of autism.<ref name="What'sSpecial">{{cite journal |author= Baron-Cohen S, Klin A |title= What's so special about Asperger Syndrome? |journal= Brain Cogn |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |year=2006 |pmid=16563588 |doi=10.1016/j.bandc.2006.02.002 |url=http://www.elsevier.com/authored_subject_sections/S05/S05_360/pdf/klin.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref>
+As a child, Asperger appears to have exhibited some features of the very condition named after him, such as remoteness and talent in language;<ref>{{cite journal |journal=J Autism Dev Disord |year=2007 |title=Did Hans Asperger (1906–1980) have Asperger Syndrome? |author=Lyons V, Fitzgerald M |doi=10.1007/s10803-007-0382-4 |pmid=17917805 |volume=37 |pages=2020–1 |issue=10 }}</ref> [[Hans Asperger#photo|photographs taken during his seminal work]] show that he had an earnest face with an intense gaze.<ref>{{cite book |author=Osborne L |title=American Normal: The Hidden World of Asperger Syndrome |publisher=Copernicus |year=2002 |isbn=0-387-95307-8 |page=19}}</ref> In 1944, Asperger described four children in his practice<ref name=Baskin>{{cite journal |author= Baskin JH, Sperber M, Price BH |title= Asperger syndrome revisited |journal= Rev Neurol Dis |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=1–7 |year=2006 |pmid=16596080}}</ref> who had difficulty in integrating themselves socially. The children lacked nonverbal communication skills, failed to demonstrate empathy with their peers, and were physically clumsy. Asperger called the condition "autistic psychopathy" and described it as primarily marked by [[social isolation]].<ref name=NINDS/> Unlike today's AS, autistic psychopathy could be found in people of all levels of intelligence, including those with mental retardation.<ref>{{cite book |author= Wing L |chapter= The relationship between Asperger's syndrome and Kanner's autism |editor= Frith U |title= Autism and Asperger syndrome |year=1991 |publisher= Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-38608-X |pages=93–121}}</ref> In the context of the [[Nazi eugenics]] policy of sterilizing and killing social deviants and the mentally handicapped, Asperger passionately defended the value of autistic individuals, writing "We are convinced, then, that autistic people have their place in the organism of the social community. They fulfil their role well, perhaps better than anyone else could, and we are talking of people who as children had the greatest difficulties and caused untold worries to their care-givers."<ref name=ha/> Asperger also called his young patients "little professors",<ref name=ha>{{cite book |author= Asperger H; tr. and annot. Frith U |origyear=1944 |chapter= 'Autistic psychopathy' in childhood |editor= Frith U |title= Autism and Asperger syndrome |year=1991 |publisher= Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-38608-X |pages=37–92}}</ref> and believed some would be capable of exceptional achievement and original thought later in life.<ref name="Baskin"/> His paper was published during wartime and in German, so it was not widely read elsewhere.
-The Legend:<br>
+[[Lorna Wing]] popularized the term ''Asperger syndrome'' in the English-speaking medical community in her 1981 publication<ref>{{cite journal |author= Wing L |title= Asperger's syndrome: a clinical account |journal= Psychol Med |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=115–29 |year=1981 |doi=10.1017/S0033291700053332 |pmid=7208735 |url=http://www.mugsy.org/wing2.htm |accessdate=2007-08-15}}</ref> of a series of case studies of children showing similar symptoms,<ref name="What'sSpecial"/> and [[Uta Frith]] translated Asperger's paper to English in 1991.<ref name=ha/> Sets of diagnostic criteria were outlined by Gillberg and Gillberg in 1989 and by Szatmari ''et al.'' in the same year.<ref name="Mattila">{{cite journal |author= Mattila ML, Kielinen M, Jussila K ''et al.'' |title= An epidemiological and diagnostic study of Asperger syndrome according to four sets of diagnostic criteria |journal= J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry |volume=46 |issue=5 |pages=636–46 |year=2007 |pmid=17450055 |doi=10.1097/chi.0b013e318033ff42}}</ref> AS became a standard diagnosis in 1992, when it was included in the tenth edition of the [[World Health Organization]]'s diagnostic manual, ''International Classification of Diseases'' ([[ICD-10]]); in 1994, it was added to the fourth edition of the [[American Psychiatric Association]]'s diagnostic reference, ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' ([[DSM-IV]]).<ref name=NINDS/>
-About 2000 years ago, the Antarctica was a very nice and warm continent, and millions of people lived there.
-But in year 1337, an epidemic of Assburger syndrome started in the Antarctica, and nearly every newborn baby was an asspie.<br>
-First, that wasn't a real problem: Because everyone was an asspie, that was called normal.
-But then one of them invented an electrically powered [[Hugbox]], and almost every inhabitant of the Antarctica wanted to have one.<br>
-So, they needed huge amounts of electricity to power all the hugboxes.<br>
-But there also was a solution for this problem: The inventor of the hugbox also invented a machine which converts the ambient heat into electricity (although this is called impossible by modern physics).<br>
-For the aspies, that was the perfect solution: They weren't sensitive to cold weather and they needed the power for the hugboxes.
-The power generators cooled the Antarctica so much that the ground began to freeze, and ice crusts began building up. That was no problem, from now on the asspies simply built their hugboxes and generators on the ice.<br>
-But they forgot that the ice rose over the oceans and made the fish inaccessible for them. So, all the asspies didn't get food and died.
-==Quotes are as follows==
+Hundreds of books, articles and websites now describe AS, and prevalence estimates have increased dramatically for ASD, with AS recognized as an important subgroup.<ref name="What'sSpecial"/> Whether it should be seen as distinct from high-functioning autism is a fundamental issue requiring further study,<ref name="Baskin"/> and there are questions about the [[empirical validation]] of the DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria.<ref name="Klin"/>
-<center>{{morphquote|assburgers|background-color: white;|font-weight: bold;
-|Many, Many eons in the past, this new civilisation was founded, building great towers and dwellings, and thriving in a social structure, very different to that which we observe today. The Aspergians celebrated an individual's uniqueness and devotion to their cause. They taught their young that each and every person is born with a very specific talent, their "special gift", which they must identify if they are to live a full and fulfilling life.
+==Cultural aspects==
-<br>
+{{See|Sociological and cultural aspects of autism}}
-<small>Translation: "A place THAT WAS TOTALLY NOT ATLANTIS existed [[over 9000]] years ago, where MOM AND THE TEACHERS WOULDN'T MAKE ME DO SHIT, and so I heard about this 'special gift' and because of that I can be a lazy douchebag from Atlantis even though unlike 'the man' I do not have webbed feet, and further, I am not good looking like Patrick Duffy, and even further still, I like to employ douchebag phrases such as 'and further' and 'even further still'..."</small>|Most asspies are also otherkin.
+People identifying with Asperger syndrome may refer to themselves in casual conversation as ''aspies'', coined by [[Liane Holliday Willey]] in 1999.<ref>{{cite book |author= Willey LH |title= Pretending to be Normal: Living with Asperger's Syndrome |publisher= Jessica Kingsley |year=1999 |isbn=1-85302-749-9}}</ref> The word ''[[neurotypical]]'' (abbreviated ''NT'') describes a person whose neurological development and state are typical, and is often used to refer to non-autistic people.
+The [[Internet]] has allowed individuals with AS to communicate and [[Autistic Pride Day|celebrate]] [[diversity]] with each other in a way that was not previously possible because of their rarity and geographic dispersal. A [[Sociological and cultural aspects of autism|subculture of aspies]] has formed. Internet sites like [[Wrong Planet]] have made it easier for individuals to connect.<ref name=Clarke>{{cite journal |journal= Disabil Soc |year=2007 |volume=22 |issue=7 |pages=761–76 |title= 'Surplus suffering': differences between organizational understandings of Asperger's syndrome and those people who claim the 'disorder' |author= Clarke J, van Amerom G |doi=10.1080/09687590701659618}}</ref>
-|The Aspergians did not build their dwellings close to each other. They had a complex social structure which allowed individuals to invest most of their seeker years in searching for their destiny, and most of their time as initiated in fulfilling it. This helped their culture to achieve great things.
+Autistic people have advocated a shift in perception of autism spectrum disorders as complex [[syndrome]]s rather than diseases that must be cured. Proponents of this view reject the notion that there is an "ideal" brain configuration and that any deviation from the norm is [[Anatomical pathology|pathological]]; they promote tolerance for what they call [[neurodiversity]].<ref>{{cite book |author= Williams CC |chapter= In search of an Asperger |editor= Stoddart KP |title= Children, Youth and Adults with Asperger Syndrome: Integrating Multiple Perspectives |year=2005 |publisher= Jessica Kingsley |isbn=1-84310-319-2 |pages=242–52 |quote= The life prospects of people with AS would change if we shifted from viewing AS as a set of dysfunctions, to viewing it as a set of differences that have merit.}}</ref> These views are the basis for the [[Autism rights movement|autistic rights]] and [[Sociological and cultural aspects of autism#Autistic pride|autistic pride]] movements.<ref>{{cite book |author= Dakin CJ |chapter= Life on the outside: A personal perspective of Asperger syndrome |editor= Stoddart KP |title= Children, Youth and Adults with Asperger Syndrome: Integrating Multiple Perspectives |year=2005 |publisher= Jessica Kingsley |isbn=1-84310-319-2 |pages=352–61}}</ref> There is a contrast between the attitude of adults with self-identified AS, who typically do not want to be cured and are proud of their identity, and parents of children with AS, who typically seek assistance and a cure for their children.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Clarke J, van Amerom G |title= Asperger's syndrome: differences between parents' understanding and those diagnosed |journal= Soc Work Health Care |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=85–106 |year=2008 |pmid=18551831 |doi=10.1300/J010v46n03_05}}</ref>
-<br>
-<small>Translation: "NO ONE DID SHIT AND EVERYTHING WAS FINE SO FUCK YOU MOM AND DAD. OM NOM NOM"</small>|Wait - "complex social structure"? They can barely understand facial expressions.
-|It may be that the tales of the great flood, all go back to the Aspergian story. After the civilisation of Aspergia survived for millennia without danger or strife, the ocean itself sought its own destiny and found that it had to take over the land on which the Aspergians lived. The water rose and rose, until there was no doubt that Aspergia would cease to exist within a short period of time.
+Some researchers have argued that AS can be viewed as a different cognitive style, not a disorder or a disability,<ref name=Clarke/> and that it should be removed from the standard ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual]]'', much as [[homosexuality]] was removed.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Disabil Soc |year=2009 |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=343–55 |title=Reframing Asperger syndrome: lessons from other challenges to the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual'' and ICIDH approaches |author=Allred S |doi=10.1080/09687590902789511 }}</ref> In a 2002 paper, [[Simon Baron-Cohen]] wrote of those with AS, "In the social world there is no great benefit to a precise eye for detail, but in the worlds of maths, computing, cataloguing, music, linguistics, engineering, and science, such an eye for detail can lead to success rather than failure." Baron-Cohen cited two reasons why it might still be useful to consider AS to be a disability: to ensure provision for legally required special support, and to recognize emotional difficulties from reduced empathy.<ref name=BaronCohen2002>{{cite journal |journal= Focus Autism Other Dev Disabl |year=2002 |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=186–91 |title= Is Asperger syndrome necessarily viewed as a disability? |author= Baron-Cohen S |doi=10.1177/10883576020170030801}} A preliminary, freely readable draft, with slightly different wording in the quoted text, is in: {{cite web |url=http://autismresearchcentre.com/docs/papers/2002_BC_ASDisability.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2008-12-02 |year=2002 |author= Baron-Cohen S |title= Is Asperger's syndrome necessarily a disability? |publisher= Autism Research Centre |location= Cambridge}}</ref> It has been argued that the genes for Asperger's combination of abilities have operated throughout recent [[human evolution]] and have made remarkable contributions to human history.<ref>{{cite book |title= Foundations of Evolutionary Psychology |chapter= The evolution of brain mechanisms for social behavior |author= Baron-Cohen S |pages=415–32 |editor= Crawford C, Krebs D (eds.) |publisher= Lawrence Erlbaum |year=2008 |isbn=0-8058-5957-8}}</ref>
-<br>
-<small>Translation: "MOM AND DAD CAME AND SAID TO DO CHORES."</small>|(Translators note: After reading this we now suspect [[DivineAngel]] to be the author of said website)
-|The Aspergians were not ever faced with the task of building a boat that was bigger than for the purpose of local fishing. Other than the oft told story of the great Son of Aspergia, who set to sea in search of other lands, and was never seen again, they had not dared try and go beyond the borders of the visible waters, because they knew there were great currents there; currents which take you to sea and never let you return.
+{{portal|Pervasive Developmental Disorders}}
-<br>
+{{-}}
-<small>Translation: "????" Stolen from [[The Legend of Zelda]] because even though teh Asper is not a real condition, a complete lack of any creativity or imagination is known to characterize all teh Aspers (otherwise they would invent their own condition rather than ripping off some [[You|bald, drunk and dateless loser's failed joke]]).</small>|Verily.
-|The peoples they came across were very different to them: they valued a sort of constant Communitude, they were afraid of their destiny, and were afraid of being alone or pursuing their talents. But the Aspergians were a minority everywhere they went,. and their nature dictated that they integrate, and learn the ways of the land.
+==References==
-<br>
+{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
-<small>Translation: "They found people who did scary things, like use words properly, and mocked others for being lazy and stupid."</small>|This apparently destroy REAL civilisation.
-|Their story was swallowed into the general mythology, and made a part of human heritage.
+==External links==
-<br>
+<!--==========================({{NoMoreLinks}})============================
-<small>Translation: "We ArE BeTtEr ThEn U!!1!1, and our Aspers stops all the boys in the yard, our disease is better than yours, we can teach you how but we'll have to charge, our disease is better than your's."</small>|Fuck history. WE know history.
+    | PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. WIKIPEDIA  |
+    | IS NOT A COLLECTION OF LINKS NOR SHOULD IT BE USED FOR ADVERTISING. |
+    |                                                                     |
+    |           Excessive or inappropriate links WILL BE DELETED.         |
+    | See [[Wikipedia:External links]] & [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details.  |
+    |                                                                     |
+    | If there are already plentiful links, please propose additions or   |
+    | replacements on this article's discussion page. Or submit your link |
+    | to the relevant category at the Open Directory Project (dmoz.org)   |
+    | and link back to that category using the {{dmoz}} template.         |
+    =========================({{NoMoreLinks}})========================-->
+* {{dmoz|Health/Mental_Health/Disorders/Neurodevelopmental/Autism_Spectrum/Asperger%27s_Syndrome|Asperger's Syndrome}}
+{{Pervasive developmental disorders}}
+{{Mental and behavioural disorders|selected = childhood}}
+{{featured article}}
-|In some periods of history, Aspergian manifestations were hunted down and destroyed. Aspergian women burned at the stake as witches, Aspergian inventors and creative minds persecuted for daring to be different. There were Aspergians who discovered a destiny-talent for design and formulation, and secretly created ancient Aspergian symbols in crop circles. There are Aspergians that are Gazers to this day, watching for trains, planes, boats or searching for life in outer space. These traits are so different to "normal" human ones that they persisted through their genes.
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Asperger Syndrome}}
-<br>
+[[Category:Autism]]
-<small>Translation: "We ripped off some more shit, ya were going to say Albert Einstein was one of us even though he had few communication problems and did a lot of hard work, and we are just lazy introverted slobs blaming everything on genetics which might not even exist." (Remember kids, autism isn't always genetic, it is commonly caused by being spoiled, boredom, and/or being a bitch, coupled with unsupervised access to Wikipedia).</small>|[[Hitler]] as an asspie too.
+[[Category:Pervasive developmental disorders]]
+[[Category:Childhood psychiatric disorders]]
+[[Category:Educational psychology]]
+[[Category:Genetic disorders by system]]
+[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
+[[Category:Special education]]
+[[Category:Syndromes]]
+[[Category:Neurological disorders in children]]
-|Autistic culture holds a concept that autism, as a unique way of being, should be embraced and appreciated, not shunned or cured. Many autistic individuals prefer being alone to socializing. Some autistic people appreciate mathematics, science, and computers (although it should be noted that while such interests are found in a larger portion of the autistic population than the neurotypical population, there are also many autistic people who have no special talents in these areas). Some even have a fascination with writing their shitty blogs. Many autistic people describe the belief of relating to aliens.
+{{Link FA|bs}}
-<br><small>Translation: We don't know how to be liked, so we'll pretend we're special instead!</small>|Just like Hitler's fanboys.
+{{Link FA|hu}}
-}}</center>
-And not only do they insist on having their own made-up, bullshit history, that they failed to own or make up themselves, but rather quilted together from collected bits and bobs created by non-Aspers, Assburglers also have to have their own [http://aspiesforfreedom.org/wiki/index.php?title=Autistic_culture culture]. Even worse, they've ripped off the [http://www.nad.org/site/pp.asp?c=foINKQMBF&b=91587 deaf], who actually have something in common besides being [[Attention whore|attention whore]] assholes.
+[[af:Aspergersindroom]]
+[[ar:متلازمة أسبرجر]]
-==Assplurgian: The Language of the Asspie==
+[[az:Asperger sindromu]]
-[[Image:Assburgers.jpg|thumb|300px|Artist's reenactment.]]
+[[bs:Aspergerov sindrom]]
+[[ca:Síndrome d'Asperger]]
+[[cs:Aspergerův syndrom]]
-Language amongst these individuals differs from normal uses of language. To demonstrate these differences, text written in Assplurgian are noted in bold. The italicized text is the translation into common language understood by those living in reality.
+[[cy:Syndrom Asperger]]
+[[da:Aspergers syndrom]]
-*'''Welcome: If you cannot or do not want to socialize in real life you may find some pleasure in doing it online. Meet people who are similar to you!'''
+[[de:Asperger-Syndrom]]
+[[et:Aspergeri sündroom]]
-*''Translation: You're a fucking lazy faggot and you'd rather sit at your computer and wank than try at anything. See: [[loser]]''
+[[el:Σύνδρομο Άσπεργκερ]]
+[[es:Síndrome de Asperger]]
+[[eo:Sindromo de Asperger]]
-*'''<nowiki>#</nowiki>asperger is your channel if you are somewhere on the autistic spectrum. The autism spectrum includes autism, Assburger syndrome, and PDD-NOS. One thing we have in common is an impairment in nonverbal communication with neurologically typical ("normal") people that causes social difficulties. People with conditions such as hyperlexia, Tourette syndrome, schizoid personality disorder, social phobia, etc., may join the channel if there is also impairment in nonverbal communication. Loners with an autism-like condition are welcome.'''
+[[fa:نشانگان آسپرگر]]
+[[fr:Syndrome d'Asperger]]
-*''Translation: People with ass burgers aren't diseased, they're just different. All other losers are welcome to join our [[Circle jerk|club]] in order to keep numbers up.  Damn all for being "normal."''
+[[fy:Syndroam fan Asperger]]
+[[gl:Síndrome de Asperger]]
-*'''It is not necessary to have an official diagnosis to join the channel. What counts is that you suspect seriously that you would fit in to the autism spectrum. If so, please feel free to join #asperger to see if you might 'fit in' with us.'''
+[[ko:아스퍼거 증후군]]
+[[hi:अस्पेर्गेर सिंड्रोम]]
-*''Translation: E-diagnosing [[16 year old girl]]s please.''
+[[hr:Aspergerov sindrom]]
+[[id:Sindrom Asperger]]
-*'''When you first join the channel, an operator will ask some basic information from you, including how you found out about the channel and whether you are on the autistic spectrum. If you don't have an official diagnosis, we may ask you why you think you are on the spectrum. Don't worry too much about this, though. We do not attempt to make diagnoses on whether or not channel visitors have an autism spectrum disorder. However, we must determine whether it is a likely possibility, in order to protect the channel against obvious imposters and troublemakers.'''
+[[is:Asperger heilkenni]]
+[[it:Sindrome di Asperger]]
-*''Translation: You can come here with an e-diagnosis but we'll probably kick you out anyways because you might be /b/. Dogs and curtains work better anyways you cunts.''
+[[he:תסמונת אספרגר]]
+[[lv:Aspergera sindroms]]
-*'''The channel is only for those who are on the autistic spectrum!'''
+[[lt:Aspergerio sindromas]]
+[[hu:Asperger-szindróma]]
-*''Translation: Okay so what was that before about other social disorders?''
+[[mk:Аспергеров синдром]]
+[[ms:Sindrom Asperger]]
+[[nl:Syndroom van Asperger]]
-*'''<nowiki>#</nowiki>asperger is not for parents of autistic children and "experts" who wish to exchange experiences and ideas about treatments. If you want to discuss treatments etc. you are requested to do it on #autism or on #prism.'''
+[[ja:アスペルガー症候群]]
+[[no:Aspergers syndrom]]
-*''Translation: We only want kids because we're [[pedo|paedos]]''
+[[nn:Aspergers syndrom]]
+[[pms:Sìndrom d'Asperger]]
-Source and further study of Asspies and Assplurgian language in the wild: http://www.inlv.demon.nl/irc.asperger/
+[[pl:Zespół Aspergera]]
+[[pt:Síndrome de Asperger]]
-===Terminology===
+[[ro:Sindromul Asperger]]
-[[Image:Temple Grandin and horse.jpg|thumb|Asspie scientist Temple Grandin, inventor of the [[hugbox]]]]
+[[ru:Синдром Аспергера]]
-People who have (fictionally or otherwise) Asperger's will sometimes refer to themselves as ''aspies'' or as a group, the ''aspie'' community.  While these people may come across as jerks, the actual victims of the disease are halfway-decent, possibly-human, lifeforms minus the social skills who encounter the self-diagnosed attention-whoring [[victim|victimhood]]-loving [[cunt|cunts]], whose falseness drives their victims into a driveling, uncontrollable rage.
+[[simple:Asperger syndrome]]
+[[sk:Aspergerov syndróm]]
-'''''Shared language'''''
+[[sr:Аспергеров синдром]]
+[[sh:Aspergerov sindrom]]
-Although autistic culture doesn't have its own language, there is some terminology commonly used by those in autistic culture, such as:
+[[fi:Aspergerin oireyhtymä]]
+[[sv:Aspergers syndrom]]
-* '''Aspie''': A short-hand way of saying Asperger's. Sometimes it is referred to only those diagnosed with Asperger's, and sometimes it refers to the whole spectrum. Most proponents of autistic culture would prefer not to call Asperger's a "syndrome."
+[[tr:Asperger sendromu]]
-* '''Autie''': A short-hand way of saying an autistic person. Sometimes it is used only to refer to those diagnosed with autism instead of Asperger's, and sometimes it refers to the whole spectrum.
+[[uk:Синдром Аспергера]]
-* '''Cousin''': A cousin is someone who is not technically autistic in the clinical use of the word, but is still similar enough to autistic people to be as much a part of autistic culture as someone officially diagnosable with autism. Sometimes these people are similar because they have a similar condition (although a cousin doesn't have to have any psychological conditions) such as schizoid personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or hyperlexia. AC is often used to stand for "autistics and cousins."
+[[zh:亞斯伯格症候群]]
-* '''Curebie''': A person with the desire to cure autism. These people are usually viewed in a negative light in autistic culture.
-* '''Neurodiversity''': A concept of tolerance of people regardless of neurological wiring.
-* '''Neurotypical''': Usually abbreviated NT. Refers to a nonautistic person.
-Translation: Like the Atlantis shit, we ripped off some [[A frank discussion of mental illness|psychology jargon]], 'cause we r smart.  Plus, we still don't want to bother being liked, don't cure us, because [[lies|sitting around picking our nose and perseverating on math is fucking normal, asshole!]]
-[[Lie|Aspergians: totally a word.]]
-Should also be noted that those who deal with people who supposedly have this disease (and can't stand them) will refer to the [[Drama whore|wannabe sick]] as having AssBurners Syndrome.
-==Interweb Case Studies==
-[[Image:JewishAspies.png|thumb|center|599px|I don't mean to sound judgmental,[http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=2226526626 but ...] When it rains, it pours for some people.]]
-JewishAzns (if there is one community) would be huge: 36,000 members.
-AspieAzns (times 10) = 360,000 members.
-AspieJewishAzns = You get the picture.
-*[[An]] "[[CNN]] manager" found out she was an Aspie and was so elated that [http://www.cnn.com/2008/HEALTH/conditions/03/28/autism.essay/index.html she wrote an article about it] on CNN.com. It is full of [[lulzy]] statements like these: ''Hugs are dispensed infrequently, but if I do hug someone, I resemble Frankenstein's monster, arms extended to control contact. When my dad (who I suspect is an Aspie, too) and I hug, we both have "the approach." We sometimes miss and have to re-approach a couple of times until a brief, awkward hug is achieved.'' [[Gb2]]/[[hugbox]] indeed. The link to this page should be posted in the comments to this CNN story until further lulz are achieved.
-[[Image:Ed asp petition.jpg|thumb|right|[http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/ED-As-Article/ ZOMG Petition against this article?] ]]
-*The [http://www.livejournal.com/community/male_dom/749586.html?nc=29 male_dom community] on [[LiveJournal]] is 100% made up of [[self-diagnosed]] 'aspies'. When one poster says her partner has it, about 20 people chime in as having it as well, all self-diagnosed of course and many of them claiming to be [[autistic]] as well.
-*[[1justin]] is self diagnosed with it, he's just as much of a faggot about it as everyone else, but assumes he is better than the rest. He wound up [[banned]] from the [http://www.livejournal.com/community/aspergers/ aspergers] [[community]] (which has since mysteriously been deleted and purged) for trying to point out to its members that most of them probably don't have it and that being proud about it is stupid, both of which appropriately apply to him.
-*A [http://www.kuro5hin.org/poll/1084822952_IlaByqez poll on kuro5hin] in which 76% of respondents claim to have some form of Asperger's or autism. Yes. 76%.
-* A large number of goons from the [[SomethingAwful]] forums claim to have aspergers.  [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbfBjo-Mw6U From the looks of things, most of them probably do].
-*Everyone on [[FanFiction.Net]] claims to have Asspies, Lysdexia, and/or ADHD; which begs the question, why are they writing?
-*Everyone on DeviantART claims to have Asperger's, which means you can't criticize them or they'll get [[Butthurt|upset]], because [[Lies|they have a perfectly legitimate reason for why no-one should criticize their shit art.]]
-*Everyone on [[TV Tropes]] claims to be an Aspergian [[WTF|Polyromantic]] [[Asexual]].
-* [[Kevin Havens]] has Asperger's ([[self-diagnosed]], of course) among many other problems, spends all of his [[money]] on [[McDonald's|junk food]] and sexdolls, and lives with his [[Cripple|crippled]] [[girlfriend]]. He collects a check for being her "caretaker" as well.
-* [http://www.mothering.com/discussions/showthread.php?t=778153 These poor women think their husbands have asspies] - [[No girls on the internet|ladies]], they're just <s>assholes</s> normal healthy men trying to make the best of a life trapped in a marriage with an over-emotional woman (I mean seriously! Not being "torn up inside" because you hear a child crying is not sufficient to form a diagnosis of asperger's syndrome!)
-[[Image:Proforce.jpg|thumb|right|Well at least they both belong in a kitchen]]
-* A Facebook group was created to protect females from being raped by Asspies. They were so [[butthurt]] they cried [[rape]] to Facebook and the group was deleted just so the Asspies would shut up!
-* Aspie fucktard [[Chemer]] friend who looks retarded:
-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3s52DuMAMk&feature=related
-* The Online Petition was invented by asspies, this is clear because they are the only ones that seem to think that anybody gives even the slightest rat's ass about Online petitions.  So far, members of Asspies Against Freedom have already created 3 petitions to get Encyclopedia Dramatica taken offline, unfortunately they don't seem to realize that when nobody signs their petition, making another petition is as effective at shutting down a popular website as sticking your dick in a light socket.
-==[[IRL]] Drama==
-{{quote|I have a big confession: I have already written about the fact that my 9-year-old son was diagnosed in February 2005 with Asperger's Syndrome.|'''Suburbian mother, smacking her gum with her lip glossed mouth''' - ''Confessing to her priest''}}
-===Pwnt by Kindergardners: May 2008===
-In [http://www.breitbart.tv/?p=103693 this lulzy video], an Aspie child named Alex, is totally [[pwnt|rejected]] by his kindergarten class. By a vote of 14 to 2, they decided to [[GTFO|kick him out of their class]] for his idiotic flailing Ass-pie behavior that was pissing them off. His mom then [[BAW|BAWWW'd]] on national television about "discrimination" while the Aspie mumbled incoherently in her lap, further proving that the children were right and the whiny parents were wrong. Naturally, a [[lolsuit]] is being planned.  The boy's mother was also a [[sick fuck]] and compared the teacher to [[Islam]]ic terrorists which is wrong because it is a favor to the normal children not to have a shit smearing, masturbating child in the classroom; and Muslims actually kill people which is much worse than any minor teasing or ridicule.  Some people need to grow up and stop being [[fairies]].
-Meanwhile, [[StumbleUpon]] [[loser|users]] [http://www.stumbleupon.com/url/www.tcpalm.com/news/2008/may/23/st-lucie-teacher-has-class-vote-whether-5-year-old/ call for the death penalty].
-==Treatment==
-===For===
-{{main|Action T4}}
-Despite myths that there is no treatment for those with autism, the disorder is incredibly easy. Action T4 also exposes the many myths because autism and allows the patients and their caretakers to live happy lives insted of leeching off [[welfare]].
-The best thing really for them to do is just keep quiet, until they can actually think before they talk, and think about how others feel. It will solve so many problems they put onto themselves. No one is going to care whether or not you have a setback in your life or that asperger's was at fault. All you're doing is saying that you're retarded.
-===Against===
-{{main|Aspies for Freedom}}
-Contrary to the above Aspies for Freedom are opposed to any form of treatment (even when it's clearly needed) and spread lies about their so-called condition to that they may appear normal, but at the same time deserve more respect than other people. Ironically by encouraging people to accept them as being fuckwits they encourage the [[holocaust|extermination of those with asperger's syndrome]] more than Action T4.
-==Gallery==
-{{cg|The Retard Exhibition|aspiegallery|center|<gallery>
-Image:Mariotheplumber.jpg|I'll kill you with dangerous E-chemicals!
-Image:MBisanz May 2006.jpg|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:MBisanz This Wikipedian] clearly is an aspie
-Image:Fuckinthursday.jpg | YOU TOOK IT TOO FAR THIS TIME GUYS
-Image:Daxface1.jpg|[[daxflame|Take a wild guess.]]
-</gallery>|<gallery>
-Image:Peanude.jpg|HI MUM!
-Image:Shleed twat.jpg|Aspies generally have bigger and hairier tits than your girlfriend.
-Image:Mathnews-cover.jpg|[[Lie|These people do not have Asperger's.]]
-Image:Autismsock.jpg|SUPER WAVE SMASHER
-Image:Rapeguy.jpg|Typical Asspie at your school (in the back). In the front is just ASS.
-Image:Rtard.JPG|Typical Asspie being a asspie
-Image:Heinrich's one fucking facial expression.jpg|No [[Nazis|successful organization]] is complete without a hard-working aspie.
-Image:101509 1440-00-.jpg|Avoid at all costs.
-Image:Finley98BestPictureEver.jpg|Time to play "spot the Asspie"!
-Image:YoutubeAsspieButthurtByED.jpg|[[Butthurt]] Asspies often gravitate towards [[youtube]] to post their [[fucktard|fucktarded]] [[BAW|videos]].
-Image:AspieAngryJerk.jpg| I don't want to know what is occurring in this picture.
-Image:Hairy_aspie.jpg|Beware the hypnotic allure of the asspie's eyes!
-Image:Asspieformal.jpg| Typical aspie, notice the [[unwarranted self importance|smug]] grin.
-Image:autism-asshole-disease-moral-demotivational-poster-funny-demoralize.JPG
-Image:Sky walker.jpg|[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/02/14/earlyshow/health/main4802860.shtml wut?]
-Image:FatassTransfaggot.jpg| the raep smile.
-Image:MonicaHalloweenWTF.jpg| A wild [[furry|aspie]] appears!
-Image:Caution_autistic.jpg| BEWARE!
-Image:F_u.jpg | People with Asperger's usually have this attitude
-Image:FlutieFlakes.jpeg | [http://http://www.flutiefoundation.org/Donate-Flutie-Flakes.asp Aspie brikfest of Champyons]
-Image:Assburger.jpg| The best kind to have
-Image:Ae-24-bluebackground.png|[[Delicious Cake|Delicious ass pie. Must eat it.]]
-Image:bk.jpg|Burger King showing their support
-Image:Joe Hill Makes The LULZ.jpg|Joe Hill, brags about having Asperger's on [[Fitlads]].net
-Image:Joe Hill Masturbates.jpg|Perfect example of a bent Asperger penis.
-Image:martyn.jpg|Martyn Braithwaite - typical asspie.
-Image:Pentagram.jpg|Lipstick and moobs? What a good CUMbination!
-</gallery>}}
-==Asspie Videos==
-<center>{{fv|Assburgerz|background-color: gray;|font-weight: bold;|<youtube>u1AklAUfIMw</youtube>|<youtube>CDBEnKcr13E</youtube>|<youtube>TCebfmUcH78</youtube>|<youtube>eB3TIs8xoEo</youtube>|<youtube>6jkBOU9etRA</youtube>|<youtube>o0YnwWFqmzQ</youtube>|<youtube>Jtzc5mOcql4</youtube>|<youtube>mZ6pPwjIL1g</youtube>|<youtube>Kn18H3FKDV4</youtube>|<youtube>tLUeSf86v1E</youtube>|<youtube>N_ORz2vPnhE</youtube>|<youtube>Rai9SiBRv50</youtube>|<youtube>6GOnu_mU1wU</youtube>|<youtube>n_49Gdfx7UA</youtube>|<youtube>d3n3oF7xw5Y</youtube>|<youtube>XhrAB8WMsx0</youtube>|<youtube>fhR4cO-f-lQ</youtube>|<youtube>OKACTREJHE4</youtube>}}</center>
-==Criminality==
-Because of their inability to empathise, most aspies are like [[psychopaths]], treating others as objects. Luckily thanks to low IQs and being all-round fuckwits they are quickly caught and [[prison|sent to a special place]] to get the [[Assrape|treatment they needed]].
-In 1944, 50 years before the syndrome was officially invented, Dr Hans Asperger himself tried to warn humanity about the evil he had discovered. One of Hans Asperger's first scientific papers on Autism was titled [http://www.drbilllong.com/Autism/Asperger.html "Autistic Psychopathy in Childhood"]. Some believe that A-Monsters may be the dark legacy of a [[Nazi|Nazi experiment]].
-{{morphquote|crimes|background-color: white;|font-weight: bold;
-|Arguably, fire-related crimes are among the most frequently associated with hfASD [high-functioning Autism Specrum Disorders]. In a previously discussed study, Siponmaa et al. reported that 10 (63%) of 16 crimes of arson were perpetrated by subjects with hfASD diagnoses.|A-ha! Now we know [[KILL IT WITH FIRE|how to get rid of them!]]
-|Colleagues reported a similar case of a [[pedophile|27-year-old male who was arrested for sexual contact with a minor]] after the perpetrator went to the police station to report the minor had stolen his property. The perpetrator had a long history of inept social attempts to obtain sexual contact. These included taking neighbors shopping for lingerie and letting women use his home for drug transactions. He consented to having sex with a doll before a mocking audience in the hopes that the women in the audience might become aroused and decide to have sex with him.|"Play your cards right and this could be your ass I'm fucking!"
-|Some cases of sexual serial killing, such as that of Jeffrey Dahmer, appear to involve repetitive dehumanization of people—viewing them as disposable objects or as objects that can be literally deconstructed, resulting in the mutilation of the victims.|Though quite happy to claim Edison was an asspie, the tables turn once necrophilic cannibals are brought up.
-|Because persons with hfASD have difficulties appreciating the subjective experiences of other persons, there may be a lack of intersubjective resonance, or empathy.|They don't even say sorry, the shits.
-|Colleagues reported an attempted murder by a 44-year-old man who shot the psychologist who was performing a child custody evaluation. The perpetrator feared the evaluation would be unfavorable, and [[do it faggot|he believed shooting the author of the evaluation would improve his chances of maintaining custody]]. Baron-Cohen described the case of 21-year-old John, who attacked others whenever his routine was disturbed.|Others will kill you and rape your corpse if you break their crayons.
-|because every1 hates aspies we will kill the world every1 with autism aspergers adhd bipolar etc will kill you all!
-we aspies will wipe nt's from the face of the earth|An [[User:Harry158|asspie user]] with no concept of irony.}}
-===(In)Famous Autistic Criminals===
-*[http://www.jaapl.org/cgi/content/full/34/3/374#SEC5 Case studies on Aspie assholes] Including:
-:*A man who burned his house down with his wife and kid inside it so he could claim the insurance
-:*An old, fat substitute teacher who used to touch up his female students
-:*A faggot who enjoyed raping niggers in public toilets
-==Famous Assburgerers on ED==
-[[File:Asperger king.jpg|thumb|[[Chris-chan|There can only be one.]]]]
-[[File:Adonfireaspie.jpg|thumb|[http://www.aspiesforfreedom.com/showthread.php?tid=16482&pid=337624#pid337624 Aspies are known to be caring individuals].]]
-*[[AkewsticRockR]]
-*[[Alexander4488]]
-*[[Armake21]]
-*[[Chris-chan]]
-*[[Clayranger89]]
-*[[Conner Hemming]]
-*[[CopperCab]]
-*[[cyndilovespiccolo]]
-*[[Daxflame]]
-*[[DisneyFan01]]
-*[[Drp1zza]]
-*[[Flaglerchat]]
-*[[Inmendham]]
-*[[Jawsus]]
-*[[Jeffrey Hyde]]
-*[[Kelseyalicia]]
-*[[Kevin Havens]]
-*[[LittleCloud]] - ED's most wanted, despite 1 out of 90 auties/aspies are female, and (s)he can't make up his/her mind on her sexuality.
-*[[MysticArk]]
-*[[PissedOffVideoGamer]]
-*[[Pokemon|Satoshi Tajiri]]
-*[[Randomlaughingman]] is a dangerously autistic "female".
-*[[SilentRob]]
-*[[Spax3]]
-*[[superlisamcb]]
-*[[Tammi Reynolds]]
-*[[Wesley!!!]]
-*[[You]]
-==Trolling Aspies==
-*Remind them of thier disability and cite APA 32.7 they hate being proven wrong.
-*Refuse them special treatment. Hilarity ensues.
-*spam this page:http://www.wrongplanet.net/ and refer to them all as Aspies instead of the [[lie|politicaly correct]] Aspergian.
-*Refer them to Wikipedia. All Aspies hate wikipedia due to the only Lulzy article they have (High Functioning Autism)
-*Cite them as WP:personal. Anything Wikipedia will result in hilarity.
-==See also==
-*[[Action T4]]
-*[[Asperchu]]
-*[[Aspies for Freedom]]
-*[[EVE Online]]
-*[[Elevator_Filming|Elevator Filming]]
-*[[Leaderfag]]
-*[[Malber]]
-*[[Minecraft]]
-*[[Mong]]
-*[[Rape]]
-*[[Retard]]
-*[[The R Word]]
-*[[Sceptre]]
-*[[TV Tropes]]
-*[[Ulillillia]]
-*[[WAXLABLTABLER]]
-==External Links==
-*[http://www.wrongplanet.net/postt90292.html Read it and weep: The truth about Asperger's Syndrome]
-*[http://www.kidzcd.com A browser for Asspies]
-*[http://www.aspieaffection.com/ Asspie dating]
-*[http://www.fanfiction.net/u/1277646/Zefri123 A typical Asspie (Zefri the Angel Boy!!!!11)]
-*[http://www.fanfiction.net/u/1818967/Fan_of_The_Secret_Saturdays/ Asspie trollficcer doing it so very wrong. Or are they?!]
-*[http://www.wrongplanet.net/forums.html lol asspie congregation (exception to the power in numbers rule here)]
-*[http://aspieauty.deviantart.com/ Target an asspie devianTART]
-*[http://www.aspiesforfreedom.com/ Aspies for Freedom]
-*[http://www.cafepress.com/love_autism/346770 The official I have Autism button. BUY BUY BUY]
-*{{youtube2|chomperrrrrr|chomperrrrrr}} - Typical aspie Youtube account.
-*[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1116602/Why-face-truth-Having-autistic-child-wrecks-life-.html Daily Mail] explains why autistic children need to be [[Abortion|aborted]] ([[screencap]] [[:Image:Daily Mail Supports Autism Abortion.jpg|here]]).
-*[http://www.gaiaonline.com/profiles/ecopper12/18024002/ Ecopper12]
-{{aspies}}
-<br>
-{{psychology}}
-{{top16}}
-{{Timeline|Featured article April 11, [[2005]]|[[MySpace]]|[[{{PAGENAME}}]]|[[Pro-Ana]]}}
-{{Timeline|Featured article November 16, [[2005]]|[[Cracky-chan]]|[[{{PAGENAME}}]]|[[Anna 4 avril]]}}
-[[Category:Abnormal Psych]]
-[[Category:Drama-generating techniques]]

Asperger's Syndrome: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:41, 21 May 2011

Classification

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