An hero: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 11:33, 24 February 2022

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File:Achilles fighting against Memnon Leiden Rijksmuseum voor Oudheden.jpg

Achilles during the Trojan War, as depicted in an ancient Greek polychromatic pottery painting (dating to c. 300 BC).

Joan of Arc is considered a medieval Christian heroine of France for her role in the Hundred Years' War, and was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint

File:Wilhelm Tell Denkmal Altdorf um 1900.jpeg

William Tell, a popular folk hero of Switzerland.

File:Giuseppe Garibaldi (1866).jpg

Giuseppe Garibaldi is considered an Italian national hero for his role in the Italian unification, and is known as the "Hero of the Two Worlds" because of his military enterprises in South America and Europe.

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A hero (heroine in its feminine form) is a real person or a main fictional character who, in the face of danger, combats adversity through feats of ingenuity, courage, or strength. Like other formerly solely gender-specific terms (like actor), hero is often used to refer to any gender, though heroine only refers to women. The original hero type of classical epics did such things for the sake of glory and honor. Post-classical and modern heroes, on the other hand, perform great deeds or selfless acts for the common good instead of the classical goal of wealth, pride, and fame. The antonym of hero is villain.^[1] Other terms associated with the concept of hero may include good guy or white hat.

In classical literature, the hero is the main or revered character in heroic epic poetry celebrated through ancient legends of a people, often striving for military conquest and living by a continually flawed personal honor code.^[2] The definition of a hero has changed throughout time. Merriam Webster dictionary defines a hero as "a person who is admired for great or brave acts or fine qualities".^[3] Examples of heroes range from mythological figures, such as Gilgamesh, Achilles and Iphigenia, to historical and modern figures, such as Joan of Arc, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Sophie Scholl, Alvin York, Audie Murphy, and Chuck Yeager, and fictional "superheroes", including Superman, Spider-Man, Batman, and Captain America.

Etymology

File:Peter Paul Rubens - The Coronation of the Hero of Virtue.jpg

Coronation of the Hero of Virtue by Peter Paul Rubens, c. 1612-1614

The word hero comes from the Greek ἥρως (hērōs), "hero" (literally "protector" or "defender"),^[4] particularly one such as Heracles with divine ancestry or later given divine honors.^[5] Before the decipherment of Linear B the original form of the word was assumed to be *, hērōw-, but the Mycenaean compound ti-ri-se-ro-e demonstrates the absence of -w-. Hero as a name appears in pre-Homeric Greek mythology, wherein Hero was a priestess of the goddess Aphrodite, in a myth that has been referred to often in literature.

According to The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, the Proto-Indo-European root is *ser meaning "to protect". According to Eric Partridge in Origins, the Greek word hērōs "is akin to" the Latin seruāre, meaning to safeguard. Partridge concludes, "The basic sense of both Hera and hero would therefore be 'protector'." R. S. P. Beekes rejects an Indo-European derivation and asserts that the word has a Pre-Greek origin.^[6] Hera was a Greek goddess with many attributes, including protection and her worship appears to have similar proto-Indo-European origins.

Antiquity

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File:Perseo in Villa San Marco Stabiae.jpg

Perseus and the head of Medusa in a Roman fresco at Stabiae. Unlike medieval and modern heroes, classical heroes did great deeds out of esteem and fame rather than out of any concern for the good of people

A classical hero is considered to be a "warrior who lives and dies in the pursuit of honor" and asserts their greatness by "the brilliancy and efficiency with which they kill".^[7] Each classical hero's life focuses on fighting, which occurs in war or during an epic quest. Classical heroes are commonly semi-divine and extraordinarily gifted, such as Achilles, evolving into heroic characters through their perilous circumstances.^[2] While these heroes are incredibly resourceful and skilled, they are often foolhardy, court disaster, risk their followers' lives for trivial matters, and behave arrogantly in a childlike manner.^[2] During classical times, people regarded heroes with the highest esteem and utmost importance, explaining their prominence within epic literature.^[8] The appearance of these mortal figures marks a revolution of audiences and writers turning away from immortal gods to mortal mankind, whose heroic moments of glory survive in the memory of their descendants, extending their legacy.^[2]

Hector was a Trojan prince and the greatest fighter for Troy in the Trojan War, which is known primarily through Homer's Iliad. Hector acted as leader of the Trojans and their allies in the defense of Troy, "killing 31,000 Greek fighters," offers Hyginus.^[9] Hector was known not only for his courage, but also for his noble and courtly nature. Indeed, Homer places Hector as peace-loving, thoughtful, as well as bold, a good son, husband and father, and without darker motives. However, his familial values conflict greatly with his heroic aspirations in the Iliad, as he cannot be both the protector of Troy and a father to his child.^[7] Hector is ultimately betrayed by the deities when Athena appears disguised as his ally Deiphobus and convinces him challenge Achilles, leading to his death at the hands of a superior warrior.^[10]

File:The Rage of Achilles, by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (1696-1770), Italian Rococo painter.jpg

The Rage of Achilles, by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, 1757

Achilles was a Greek hero who was considered the most formidable military fighter in the entire Trojan War and the central character of the Iliad. He was the child of Thetis and Peleus, making him a demi-god. He wielded superhuman strength on the battlefield and was blessed with a close relationship to the deities. Achilles famously refused to fight after his dishonoring at the hands of Agamemnon, and only returned to the war due to unadulterated rage after Hector killed his close friend Patroclus.^[10] Achilles was known for uncontrollable rage that defined many of his bloodthirsty actions, such as defiling Hector's corpse by dragging it around the city of Troy. Achilles plays a tragic role in the Iliad brought about by constant de-humanization throughout the epic, having his menis (wrath) overpower his philos (love).^[7]

Heroes in myth often had close, but conflicted relationships with the deities. Thus Heracles's name means "the glory of Hera", even though he was tormented all his life by Hera, the Queen of the Greek deities. Perhaps the most striking example is the Athenian king Erechtheus, whom Poseidon killed for choosing Athena rather than him as the city's patron deity. When the Athenians worshiped Erechtheus on the Acropolis, they invoked him as Poseidon Erechtheus.

Fate, or destiny, plays a massive role in the stories of classical heroes. The classical hero's heroic significance stems from battlefield conquests, an inherently dangerous action.^[7] The deities in Greek mythology, when interacting with the heroes, often foreshadow the hero's eventual death on the battlefield. Countless heroes and deities go to great lengths to alter their pre-destined fates, but with no success, as none, neither human or immortal can change their prescribed outcomes by the three powerful Fates.^[11] The most characteristic example of this is found in Oedipus Rex. After learning that his son, Oedipus, will end up killing him, the King of Thebes, Laius, takes huge steps to assure his son's death by removing him from the kingdom. When Oedipus encounters his father when his father was unknown to him in a dispute on the road many years later, Oedipus slays him without an afterthought. The lack of recognition enabled Oedipus to slay his father, ironically further binding his father to his fate.^[11]

Stories of heroism may serve as moral examples. However, classical heroes often didn't embody the Christian notion of an upstanding, perfectly moral hero.^[12] For example, Achilles's character-issues of hateful rage lead to merciless slaughter and his overwhelming pride lead to him only joining the Trojan War because he didn't want his soldiers to win all of the glory. Classical heroes, regardless of their morality, were placed in religion. In classical antiquity, cults that venerated deified heroes such as Heracles, Perseus, and Achilles played an important role in Ancient Greek religion.^[13] These ancient Greek hero cults worshipped heroes from oral epic tradition, with these heroes often bestowing blessings, especially healing ones, on individuals.^[13]

Myth and monomyth

File:JourneytotheWest.jpg

The four heroes from the 16th-century Chinese novel, Journey to the West

The concept of the "Mythic Hero Archetype" was first developed by Lord Raglan in his 1936 book, The Hero, A Study in Tradition, Myth and Drama. It is a set of 22 common traits that he said were shared by many heroes in various cultures, myths, and religions throughout history and around the world. Raglan argued that the higher the score, the more likely the figure is mythical.^[14]

File:Robert Wilhelm Ekman - Lemminkäinen and the Fiery Eagle - A I 457-307 - Finnish National Gallery.jpg

Lemminkäinen and the Fiery Eagle, Robert Wilhelm Ekman, 1867

The concept of a story archetype of the standard monomythical "hero's quest" that was reputed to be pervasive across all cultures, is somewhat controversial. Expounded mainly by Joseph Campbell in his 1949 work The Hero with a Thousand Faces, it illustrates several uniting themes of hero stories that hold similar ideas of what a hero represents, despite vastly different cultures and beliefs. The monomyth or Hero's Journey consists of three separate stages including the Departure, Initiation, and Return. Within these stages there are several archetypes that the hero of either gender may follow, including the call to adventure (which they may initially refuse), supernatural aid, proceeding down a road of trials, achieving a realization about themselves (or an apotheosis), and attaining the freedom to live through their quest or journey. Campbell offered examples of stories with similar themes such as Krishna, Buddha, Apollonius of Tyana, and Jesus.^[15] One of the themes he explores is the androgynous hero, who combines male and female traits, such as Bodhisattva: "The first wonder to be noted here is the androgynous character of the Bodhisattva: masculine Avalokiteshvara, feminine Kwan Yin."^[15] In his 1968 book, The Masks of God: Occidental Mythology, Campbell writes, "It is clear that, whether accurate or not as to biographical detail, the moving legend of the Crucified and Risen Christ was fit to bring a new warmth, immediacy, and humanity, to the old motifs of the beloved Tammuz, Adonis, and Osiris cycles."^[16]

Slavic fairy tales

File:Vasnetsov samolet.jpg

Ivan Tsarevich, a hero of Russian folklore, by Viktor Vasnetsov (1880)

Vladimir Propp, in his analysis of Russian fairy tales, concluded that a fairy tale had only eight dramatis personæ, of which one was the hero,^[17]Template:Rp and his analysis has been widely applied to non-Russian folklore. The actions that fall into such a hero's sphere include:

Departure on a quest
Reacting to the test of a donor
Marrying a princess (or similar figure)

Propp distinguished between seekers and victim-heroes. A villain could initiate the issue by kidnapping the hero or driving him out; these were victim-heroes. On the other hand, an antagonist could rob the hero, or kidnap someone close to him, or, without the villain's intervention, the hero could realize that he lacked something and set out to find it; these heroes are seekers. Victims may appear in tales with seeker heroes, but the tale does not follow them both.^[17]Template:Rp

Historical studies

Template:Further

File:Simo hayha honorary rifle.jpg

Simo Häyhä, a Finnish military sniper during the Winter War, achieved the reputation of a pioneering war hero,^[18] despite his modest nature.^[19]^[20]

No history can be written without consideration of the lengthy list of recipients of national medals for bravery, populated by firefighters, policemen and policewomen, ambulance medics, and ordinary have-a-go heroes.^[21] These persons risked their lives to try to save or protect the lives of others: for example, the Canadian Cross of Valour (C.V.) "recognizes acts of the most conspicuous courage in circumstances of extreme peril";^[22] examples of recipients are Mary Dohey and David Gordon Cheverie.

The philosopher Hegel gave a central role to the "hero", personalized by Napoleon, as the incarnation of a particular culture's Volksgeist, and thus of the general Zeitgeist. Thomas Carlyle's 1841 work, On Heroes, Hero Worship and the Heroic in History, also accorded a key function to heroes and great men in history. Carlyle centered history on the biography of a few central individuals such as Oliver Cromwell or Frederick the Great. His heroes were political and military figures, the founders or topplers of states. His history of great men included geniuses good and, perhaps for the first time in historical study, evil.

Explicit defenses of Carlyle's position were rare in the second part of the 20th century. Most in the philosophy of history school contend that the motive forces in history may best be described only with a wider lens than the one that Carlyle used for his portraits. For example, Karl Marx argued that history was determined by the massive social forces at play in "class struggles", not by the individuals by whom these forces are played out. After Marx, Herbert Spencer wrote at the end of the 19th century: "You must admit that the genesis of the great man depends on the long series of complex influences which has produced the race in which he appears, and the social state into which that race has slowly grown...[b]efore he can remake his society, his society must make him."^[23] Michel Foucault argued in his analysis of societal communication and debate that history was mainly the "science of the sovereign", until its inversion by the "historical and political popular discourse".

File:Mandela Bust at Southbank.jpg

Bust of Nelson Mandela erected on London's South Bank by the Greater London Council administration of Ken Livingstone in 1985

File:Raoul Wallenberg.jpg

The Swedish Diplomat Raoul Wallenberg saved the lives of tens of thousands of Jews in Budapest during World War II.^[24]^[25]

Modern examples of the typical hero are, Minnie Vautrin, Norman Bethune, Alan Turing, Raoul Wallenberg, Chiune Sugihara, Martin Luther King Jr., Mother Teresa, Nelson Mandela, Oswaldo Payá, Óscar Elías Biscet, and Aung San Suu Kyi.

The Annales school, led by Lucien Febvre, Marc Bloch, and Fernand Braudel, would contest the exaggeration of the role of individual subjects in history. Indeed, Braudel distinguished various time scales, one accorded to the life of an individual, another accorded to the life of a few human generations, and the last one to civilizations, in which geography, economics, and demography play a role considerably more decisive than that of individual subjects.

Among noticeable events in the studies of the role of the hero and great man in history one should mention Sidney Hook's book (1943) The Hero in History.^[26] In the second half of the twentieth century such male-focused theory has been contested, among others by feminists writers such as Judith Fetterley in The Resisting Reader (1977)^[27] and literary theorist Nancy K. Miller, The Heroine's Text: Readings in the French and English Novel, 1722–1782.^[28]

In the epoch of globalization an individual may change the development of the country and of the whole world, so this gives reasons to some scholars to suggest returning to the problem of the role of the hero in history from the viewpoint of modern historical knowledge and using up-to-date methods of historical analysis.^[29]

Within the frameworks of developing counterfactual history, attempts are made to examine some hypothetical scenarios of historical development. The hero attracts much attention because most of those scenarios are based on the suppositions: what would have happened if this or that historical individual had or had not been alive.^[30]

Modern fiction

Template:Further

File:Batman and Robin 1966.JPG

Batman (Adam West) and Robin (Burt Ward) in the 1966–1968 television series, Batman

The word "hero" (or "heroine" in modern times), is sometimes used to describe the protagonist or the romantic interest of a story, a usage which may conflict with the superhuman expectations of heroism.^[31] A good example is Anna Karenina, the lead character in the novel of the same title by Leo Tolstoy. In modern literature the hero is more and more a problematic concept. In 1848, for example, William Makepeace Thackeray gave Vanity Fair the subtitle, A Novel without a Hero, and imagined a world in which no sympathetic character was to be found.^[32] Vanity Fair is a satirical representation of the absence of truly moral heroes in the modern world.^[33] The story focuses on the characters, Emmy Sedley and Becky Sharpe (the latter as the clearly defined anti-hero), with the plot focused on the eventual marriage of these two characters to rich men, revealing character flaws as the story progresses. Even the most sympathetic characters, such as Captain Dobbin, are susceptible to weakness, as he is often narcissistic and melancholy.

The larger-than-life hero is a more common feature of fantasy (particularly in comic books and epic fantasy) than more realist works.^[31] However, these larger-than life figures remain prevalent in society. The superhero genre is a multibillion-dollar industry that includes comic books, movies, toys, and video games. Superheroes usually possess extraordinary talents and powers that no living human could ever possess. The superhero stories often pit a super villain against the hero, with the hero fighting the crime caused by the super villain. Examples of long-running superheroes include Superman, Wonder Woman, Batman, and Spider-Man.

Research indicates that male writers are more likely to make heroines superhuman, whereas female writers tend to make heroines ordinary humans, as well as making their male heroes more powerful than their heroines, possibly due to sex differences in valued traits.^[34]

Psychology

Social psychology has begun paying attention to heroes and heroism.^[35] Zeno Franco and Philip Zimbardo point out differences between heroism and altruism, and they offer evidence that observer perceptions of unjustified risk play a role above and beyond risk type in determining the ascription of heroic status.^[36]

Psychologists have also identified the traits of heroes. Elaine Kinsella and her colleagues^[37] have identified 12 central traits of heroism, which consist of brave, moral integrity, conviction, courageous, self-sacrifice, protecting, honest, selfless, determined, saves others, inspiring, and helpful. Scott Allison and George Goethals^[38] uncovered evidence for "the great eight traits" of heroes consisting of wise, strong, resilient, reliable, charismatic, caring, selfless, and inspiring. These researchers have also identified four primary functions of heroism.^[39] Heroes give us wisdom; they enhance us; they provide moral modeling; and they offer protection.

An evolutionary psychology explanation for heroic risk-taking is that it is a costly signal demonstrating the ability of the hero. It may be seen as one form of altruism for which there are several other evolutionary explanations as well.^[40]^[41]

Roma Chatterji has suggested that the hero or more generally protagonist is first and foremost a symbolic representation of the person who is experiencing the story while reading, listening, or watching;^[42] thus the relevance of the hero to the individual relies a great deal on how much similarity there is between them and the character. Chatterji suggested that one reason for the hero-as-self interpretation of stories and myths is the human inability to view the world from any perspective but a personal one.

In the Pulitzer Prize-winning book, The Denial of Death, Ernest Becker argues that human civilization is ultimately an elaborate, symbolic defense mechanism against the knowledge of our mortality, which in turn acts as the emotional and intellectual response to our basic survival mechanism. Becker explains that a basic duality in human life exists between the physical world of objects and a symbolic world of human meaning. Thus, since humanity has a dualistic nature consisting of a physical self and a symbolic self, he asserts that humans are able to transcend the dilemma of mortality through heroism, by focusing attention mainly on the symbolic self. This symbolic self-focus takes the form of an individual's "immortality project" (or "causa sui project"), which is essentially a symbolic belief-system that ensures that one is believed superior to physical reality. By successfully living under the terms of the immortality project, people feel they can become heroic and, henceforth, part of something eternal; something that will never die as compared to their physical body. This he asserts, in turn, gives people the feeling that their lives have meaning, a purpose, and are significant in the grand scheme of things. Another theme running throughout the book is that humanity's traditional "hero-systems", such as religion, are no longer convincing in the age of reason. Science attempts to serve as an immortality project, something that Becker believes it can never do, because it is unable to provide agreeable, absolute meanings to human life. The book states that we need new convincing "illusions" that enable people to feel heroic in ways that are agreeable. Becker, however, does not provide any definitive answer, mainly because he believes that there is no perfect solution. Instead, he hopes that gradual realization of humanity's innate motivations, namely death, may help to bring about a better world. Terror Management Theory (TMT) has generated evidence supporting this perspective.

Mental and physical integration

Examining the success of resistance fighters on Crete during the Nazi occupation in WWII, author and endurance researcher C. McDougall drew connections to the Ancient Greek heroes and a culture of integrated physical self-mastery, training, and mental conditioning that fostered confidence to take action, and made it possible for individuals to accomplish feats of great prowess, even under the harshest of conditions. The skills established an "...ability to unleash tremendous resources of strength, endurance, and agility that many people don’t realize they already have.”^[43] McDougall cites examples of heroic acts, including a scholium to Pindar’s Fifth Nemean Ode: “Much weaker in strength than the Minotaur, Theseus fought with it and won using pankration, as he had no knife.” Pankration is an ancient Greek term meaning "total power and knowledge,” one "...associated with gods and heroes...who conquer by tapping every talent.”^[44]

References

Citations

↑ Template:Cite journal
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Template:Cite encyclopedia
↑ Template:Cite dictionary
↑ Template:Cite dictionary
↑ ἥρως Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
↑ R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 526.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 Template:Cite book
↑ Template:Cite journal
↑ Hyginus, Fabulae 115.
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 Homer. The Iliad. Trans. Robert Fagles (1990). NY: Penguin Books. Chapter 14
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 "Articles and musing on the concept of Fate for the ancient Greeks" (PDF). Auburn University.
↑ "Four Conceptions of the Heroic". www.fellowshipofreason.com. Retrieved 2015-12-07.
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 Graf, Fritz. (2006) "Hero Cult." Brills New Pauly. Retrieved from http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/hero-cult-e511460?s.num=1&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.brill-s-new-pauly&s.q=hero.
↑ Lord Raglan. The Hero: A Study in Tradition, Myth and Drama by Lord Raglan, Dover Publications, 1936
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 Joseph Campbell in The Hero With a Thousand Faces Princeton University Press, 2004 [1949], 140, Template:ISBN
↑ Joseph Campbell. The Masks of God: Occidental Mythology Penguin, reprinted, Template:ISBN
↑ ^17.0 ^17.1 Vladimir Propp, Morphology of the Folk Tale, Template:ISBN
↑ The Story of Simo Häyhä, the White Death of Finland - The Culture Trip
↑ IS: Simo Häyhän muistikirja paljastaa tarkka-ampujan huumorintajun – "Valkoinen kuolema" esittää näkemyksensä ammuttujen vihollisten lukumäärästä (in Finnish)
↑ [url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R948DQAAQBAJ Tapio Saarelainen: The White Sniper]
↑ smh.com.au: "Everyday heroes", 26 Dec 2002
↑ gg.ca: "Decorations for Bravery Ceremony", 2 Feb 2010
↑ Spencer, Herbert. The Study of Sociology, Appleton, 1896, p. 34.
↑ "The Library of Congress: Bill Summary & Status 112th Congress (2011–2012) H.R. 3001". 2012-07-26. Archived from the original on 2012-08-05. Retrieved 2013-07-28.
↑ "Holocaust Hero Honored on Postage Stamp". United States Postal Service. 1996.
↑ Hook, S. 1955 [1943]. The Hero in History. A Study in Limitation and Possibility. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
↑ Template:Cite book
↑ Template:Cite book
↑ Grinin, Leonid 2010. The Role of an Individual in History: A Reconsideration. Social Evolution & History, Vol. 9 No. 2 (pp. 95–136) http://www.socionauki.ru/journal/articles/129622/
↑ Thompson. W. The Lead Economy Sequence in World Politics (From Sung China to the United States): Selected Counterfactuals. Journal of Globalization Studies. Vol. 1, num. 1. 2010. pp. 6–28 http://www.socionauki.ru/journal/articles/126971/
↑ ^31.0 ^31.1 L. Sprague de Camp, Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers: The Makers of Heroic Fantasy, p. 5 Template:ISBN
↑ Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism, p. 34, Template:ISBN
↑ Shmoop Editorial Team. (2008, November 11). Vanity Fair Theme of Morality and Ethics. Retrieved December 6, 2015, from http://www.shmoop.com/vanity-fair-thackeray/morality-ethics-theme.html
↑ Ingalls, Victoria. "Who creates warrior women? An investigation of the warrior characteristics of fictional female heroes based on the sex of the author." Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 1 (2020): 79.
↑ Template:Cite journal
↑ Template:Cite journal
↑ Template:Cite journal
↑ Template:Cite book
↑ Template:Cite journal
↑ Pat Barcaly. The evolution of charitable behaviour and the power of reputation. In Template:Cite book
↑ Hannes Rusch. High-cost altruistic helping. In Template:Cite book
↑ Template:Cite journal
↑ ^{[citation needed]}
↑ ^{[citation needed]}

External links

Template:Commons category Template:Wiktionary Template:Wikiquote

The British Hero — online exhibition from screenonline, a website of the British Film Institute, looking at British heroes of film and television.
Listen to BBC Radio 4's In Our Time programme on Heroism
"The Role of Heroes in Children's Lives" by Marilyn Price-Mitchell, PhD
10% — What Makes A Hero directed by Yoav Shamir

Template:Fantasy fiction Template:Stock characters Template:Authority control

[Gölz-1] Template:Cite journal

[:02-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Template:Cite encyclopedia

[3] Template:Cite dictionary

[4] Template:Cite dictionary

[5] ἥρως Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library

[6] R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 526.

[:1-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 Template:Cite book

[8] Template:Cite journal

[9] Hyginus, Fabulae 115.

[:4-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Homer. The Iliad. Trans. Robert Fagles (1990). NY: Penguin Books. Chapter 14

[:5-11] 11.0 ^11.1 "Articles and musing on the concept of Fate for the ancient Greeks" (PDF). Auburn University.

[12] "Four Conceptions of the Heroic". www.fellowshipofreason.com. Retrieved 2015-12-07.

[:2-13] 13.0 ^13.1 Graf, Fritz. (2006) "Hero Cult." Brills New Pauly. Retrieved from http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/hero-cult-e511460?s.num=1&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.brill-s-new-pauly&s.q=hero.

[14] Lord Raglan. The Hero: A Study in Tradition, Myth and Drama by Lord Raglan, Dover Publications, 1936

[:0-15] 15.0 ^15.1 Joseph Campbell in The Hero With a Thousand Faces Princeton University Press, 2004 [1949], 140, Template:ISBN

[16] Joseph Campbell. The Masks of God: Occidental Mythology Penguin, reprinted, Template:ISBN

[Propp-17] 17.0 ^17.1 Vladimir Propp, Morphology of the Folk Tale, Template:ISBN

[18] The Story of Simo Häyhä, the White Death of Finland - The Culture Trip

[19] IS: Simo Häyhän muistikirja paljastaa tarkka-ampujan huumorintajun – "Valkoinen kuolema" esittää näkemyksensä ammuttujen vihollisten lukumäärästä (in Finnish)

[20] [url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R948DQAAQBAJ Tapio Saarelainen: The White Sniper]

[21] smh.com.au: "Everyday heroes", 26 Dec 2002

[22] .ca: "Decorations for Bravery Ceremony", 2 Feb 2010

[Spencer-23] Spencer, Herbert. The Study of Sociology, Appleton, 1896, p. 34.

[thomas.loc.gov-24] "The Library of Congress: Bill Summary & Status 112th Congress (2011–2012) H.R. 3001". 2012-07-26. Archived from the original on 2012-08-05. Retrieved 2013-07-28.

[25] "Holocaust Hero Honored on Postage Stamp". United States Postal Service. 1996.

[26] Hook, S. 1955 [1943]. The Hero in History. A Study in Limitation and Possibility. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.

[27] Template:Cite book

[28] Template:Cite book

[29] Grinin, Leonid 2010. The Role of an Individual in History: A Reconsideration. Social Evolution & History, Vol. 9 No. 2 (pp. 95–136) http://www.socionauki.ru/journal/articles/129622/

[30] Thompson. W. The Lead Economy Sequence in World Politics (From Sung China to the United States): Selected Counterfactuals. Journal of Globalization Studies. Vol. 1, num. 1. 2010. pp. 6–28 http://www.socionauki.ru/journal/articles/126971/

[:3-31] 31.0 ^31.1 L. Sprague de Camp, Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers: The Makers of Heroic Fantasy, p. 5 Template:ISBN

[32] Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism, p. 34, Template:ISBN

[33] Shmoop Editorial Team. (2008, November 11). Vanity Fair Theme of Morality and Ethics. Retrieved December 6, 2015, from http://www.shmoop.com/vanity-fair-thackeray/morality-ethics-theme.html

[34] Ingalls, Victoria. "Who creates warrior women? An investigation of the warrior characteristics of fictional female heroes based on the sex of the author." Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 1 (2020): 79.

[35] Template:Cite journal

[36] Template:Cite journal

[37] Template:Cite journal

[38] Template:Cite book

[39] Template:Cite journal

[AEP1-40] Pat Barcaly. The evolution of charitable behaviour and the power of reputation. In Template:Cite book

[EEPS1-41] Hannes Rusch. High-cost altruistic helping. In Template:Cite book

[Chatterji-42] Template:Cite journal

[43] {[citation needed]}

[44] {[citation needed]}

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An hero: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 11:33, 24 February 2022

Contents

Etymology

Antiquity

Myth and monomyth

Slavic fairy tales

Historical studies

Modern fiction

Psychology

Mental and physical integration

See also

References

Citations

Further reading

External links

Navigation menu

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-''<br>''Not to be confused with [[Suicide]]''.''
+{{short description|Person or character who combats adversity through ingenuity, courage, or strength}}
-<i>See also: [[Mitchell Henderson]]. He was an inspiration.</i>
+{{Pp-pc|small=yes}}
-<center>
+{{hatnote|For other uses, see [[Hero (disambiguation)]] and [[Heroes (disambiguation)]]. "Heroism" redirects here; for the film, see [[Heroism (film)]]. "Heroine" redirects here; for other uses, see [[Heroine (disambiguation)]].}}
-[[File:An_heroes.jpg]]
+{{Globalize|date=May 2020}}
-</center>
+[[File:Achilles fighting against Memnon Leiden Rijksmuseum voor Oudheden.jpg|thumb|[[Achilles]] during the [[Trojan War]], as depicted in an ancient Greek polychromatic [[Pottery of ancient Greece|pottery painting]] (dating to c. 300 BC).]]
+[[File:Joan of Arc miniature graded.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Joan of Arc]] is considered a medieval Christian heroine of France for her role in the [[Hundred Years' War]], and was canonized as a [[Saint#Catholicism|Roman Catholic saint]]]]
+[[File:Wilhelm Tell Denkmal Altdorf um 1900.jpeg|thumb|upright|[[William Tell]], a popular [[folk hero]] of [[Switzerland]].]]
+[[File:Giuseppe Garibaldi (1866).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] is considered an Italian national hero for his role in the [[Italian unification]], and is known as the "''Hero of the Two Worlds''" because of his military enterprises in South America and Europe.]]
+{{Fantasy}}
-There comes a time in every man's life when situations spiral out of control and he finds his back against an wall. Maybe somebody [[Mitchell Henderson|stole his iPod]]. Maybe he just [[Chris Benoit|killed his wife and kids]]. Maybe he looked in the mirror and saw a [[you|Fucktard]]. Maybe you can't live with the fact that you're a [[David Carradine|washed-up actor who's addicted to sex with Thai ladyboys]].  Whatever the reason, you can either get up and face the [[butthurt|music]], or you can tell the world and whatever deity you believe in to fuck off. In the latter case, pull out your list of [[final solution]]s and place a check in the [[suicide]] [[boxxy|box]], because [[TONIGHT WE DINE IN HELL|tonight, you dine in hell]].
+A '''hero''' ('''heroine''' in its feminine form) is a real person or a main fictional character who, in the face of danger, combats adversity through feats of ingenuity, [[courage]], or [[Physical strength|strength]]. Like other formerly solely gender-specific terms (like ''actor''), ''hero'' is often used to refer to any gender, though ''heroine'' only refers to women. The original hero type of classical epics did such things for the sake of glory and honor. [[post-classical history|Post-classical]] and [[modern history|modern]] heroes, on the other hand, perform great deeds or selfless acts for the common good instead of the classical goal of wealth, pride, and fame. The antonym of ''hero'' is ''[[villain]]''.<ref name=Gölz>{{cite journal|last=Gölz|first=Olmo|url= https://www.academia.edu/41498238|title=The Imaginary Field of the Heroic: On the Contention between Heroes, Martyrs, Victims and Villains in Collective Memory|journal=<!-- is ejournal --> helden. heroes. héros|year=2019|doi=10.6094/helden.heroes.heros./2019/APH/04|pages=27–38}}</ref> Other terms associated with the concept of ''hero'' may include ''good guy'' or ''[[wikt:white hat|white hat]]''.
-Simply [[suicide|pwning oneself]] [[IRL]] is no cause to become '''"''An Hero''"'''. Without exceptions, '''"''An Heroes''"''' are made, not born. You cannot fucking be An Hero, get over it!! When [[everyone|otherwise normal and rational people]] fondly eulogize and honor those that have killed themselves before them, that's when '''"''An Hero''"''' is made. Like it or not, somebody out there probably gives a [[shit]] about Kurt Cobain. Could anyone say the same about you? That's why you'll never amount to anything. You'll never be '''"''An Hero''"'''. Don't let us stop you from trying, though. Having said that, becoming an hero is [[shit]] because you won't get to see the results of your [[suicide|successful endeavors]] (assuming Hell doesn't have a live broadcast of your funeral, you absolute pancake). However, if you do a [[school shooting]] and don't kill yourself, you just might. With a lot of luck. Don't expect not to get raped and murdered in prison, or executed in the electric [[chair]]. There is no half/almost/soon An Hero. Either you blow your brains out and become An Hero or don't, but in your case, please do.
-The phrase "An Hero" dates back to [[2006]], in reference to the prototypical An Hero, [[Mitchell Henderson]], who famously shot himself after losing his iPod. /b/tards jumped on a [[A and an|grammatical error]] made by many of his [[MySpace]] [[hugbox|friends]], and it is now immortalized as the banner under which we mock those courteous enough to [[Darwin Awards|remove themselves from the gene pool]]. Since then, an heroes of all ages have bravely been removing themselves from the gene pool, including [http://www.weau.com/home/headlines/11964366.html 3 year olds].
+In [[Classics|classical literature]], the hero is the main or revered character in [[Epic poetry|heroic epic poetry]] celebrated through ancient [[legend]]s of a people, often striving for military conquest and living by a continually flawed personal honor code.<ref name=":02">{{Cite encyclopedia|title = Hero |url = http://academic.eb.com/EBchecked/topic/263398/hero|encyclopedia=Britannica Online Encyclopedia|access-date = 2015-12-06}}</ref> The definition of a hero has changed throughout time. [[Webster's Dictionary|Merriam Webster]] dictionary defines a hero as "a person who is admired for great or brave acts or fine qualities".<ref>{{Cite dictionary|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hero|title=Definition of HERO|dictionary=Merriam Webster Online Dictionary|access-date=2 October 2017}}</ref> Examples of heroes range from mythological figures, such as [[Gilgamesh]], [[Achilles]] and [[Iphigenia]], to historical and modern figures, such as [[Joan of Arc]], [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]], [[Sophie Scholl]], [[Alvin York]], [[Audie Murphy]], and [[Chuck Yeager]], and fictional "[[superhero]]es", including [[Superman]], [[Spider-Man]], [[Batman]], and [[Captain America]].
-== You and Your Potential An Hero ==
+== Etymology ==
-[[Image:Candyjunkie 2008-11-22 daily news.jpg|thumb|When you become an hero, you make front pages!1]]
+[[File:Peter Paul Rubens - The Coronation of the Hero of Virtue.jpg|thumb|left|''Coronation of the Hero of Virtue'' by [[Peter Paul Rubens]], c. 1612-1614]]
-[[Image:Budd Dwyer NES.jpg|thumb|Inspiring an heroes since 1987.]]
+The word ''hero'' comes from the Greek ἥρως (''hērōs''), "hero" (literally "protector" or "defender"),<ref>{{Cite dictionary|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=hero|dictionary=Online Etymology Dictionary|title=hero}}</ref> particularly one such as [[Heracles]] with divine ancestry or later given divine honors.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dh%28%2Frws ἥρως]
-[[You]] hate life. [[No one likes you|You have no friends]]. Your dad is an [[alcoholic]]. [[Your mom]] is a [[slut]]. School sucks. You get molested after class. You couldn't get a Wii two years ago or today. You lost your iPod, which, by the way, had shitty music on it. You're [[gay]]. You get bullied. No one loves you. Everyone hates you. You just lost [[the game]]. You've been thinking about becoming an hero for a while now, but are not sure. Will anyone care? Have you given the [[military]] a try? Will anyone remember you? No, because you're unimportant and no one would miss you if they even knew who you were. Now you have to get set on changing that.
+Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref> Before the decipherment of [[Linear B]] the original form of the word was assumed to be *{{Lang|grc|ἥρωϝ-}}, ''hērōw-'', but the Mycenaean compound ''ti-ri-se-ro-e'' demonstrates the absence of -w-. Hero as a name appears in pre-Homeric Greek mythology, wherein [[Hero and Leander|Hero]] was a priestess of the goddess Aphrodite, in a myth that has been referred to often in literature.
-== IRL usage of ''an Hero'' prior to the 20th century [[faggotry|fagification]] of the [[Engrish]] language ==
+According to ''[[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]]'', the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] root is ''*ser'' meaning "to protect". According to Eric Partridge in ''Origins'', the Greek word ''hērōs'' "is akin to" the Latin ''seruāre'', meaning ''to safeguard''. Partridge concludes, "The basic sense of both [[Hera]] and hero would therefore be 'protector'." [[Robert S. P. Beekes|R. S. P. Beekes]] rejects an Indo-European derivation and asserts that the word has a [[Pre-Greek substrate|Pre-Greek]] origin.<ref>[[Robert S. P. Beekes|R. S. P. Beekes]], ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, p. 526.</ref> Hera was a Greek goddess with many attributes, including protection and her worship appears to have similar proto-Indo-European origins.
-While "an Hero" is regarded as a grammatical error by modern [[Noam Chomsky|linguists]], [[tl;dr|usage of the quantifier ''an'' before words that started with a morpheme of the pattern ''CV'' that began with an ''h'' in the onset was common usage before the <s>17th</s>20th century]]. {{tinyquote|But thou complying with thy princely wrath, hast shamed an Hero whom themselves the Gods delight to honor|Cowper's translation of Homer, circa 1790. Clearly, this implies that Mitchell Henderson is a time traveler from the 16th century who killed himself over a perceived decline in the English language.}}
-As h is often unspoken in certain British dialects, the "an" of "an hero" could be phonetically appropriate when speaking cockney:
+== Antiquity ==
-{{tinyquote|'E's an 'ero for savin' me mum!}}
+{{See also|Greek hero cult}}
+[[File:Perseo in Villa San Marco Stabiae.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Perseus and the head of Medusa in a Roman fresco at [[Stabiae]]. Unlike medieval and modern heroes, classical heroes did great deeds out of esteem and fame rather than out of any concern for the good of people]]
+A classical hero is considered to be a "warrior who lives and dies in the pursuit of honor" and asserts their greatness by "the brilliancy and efficiency with which they kill".<ref name=":1" /> Each classical hero's life focuses on fighting, which occurs in war or during an epic quest. Classical heroes are commonly semi-divine and extraordinarily gifted, such as [[Achilles]], evolving into heroic characters through their perilous circumstances.<ref name=":02" /> While these heroes are incredibly resourceful and skilled, they are often foolhardy, court disaster, risk their followers' lives for trivial matters, and behave arrogantly in a childlike manner.<ref name=":02" /> During classical times, people regarded heroes with the highest esteem and utmost importance, explaining their prominence within epic literature.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Levin | first1 = Saul | year = 1984 | title = Love and the Hero of the Iliad | journal = Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association | volume = 80 | pages = 43–50 | doi=10.2307/283510| jstor = 283510}}</ref> The appearance of these mortal figures marks a revolution of audiences and writers turning away from [[Twelve Olympians|immortal gods]] to mortal mankind, whose heroic moments of glory survive in the memory of their descendants, extending their legacy.<ref name=":02" />
-'''''A Dictionary of the English Language''''' (1824), defines the word ''heroical'' as something befitting [http://www.google.com/books?id=lqsRAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA348&dq=%22an+hero%22#PPA348,M1 an hero].
+[[Hector]] was a [[Troy|Trojan]] prince and the greatest fighter for Troy in the [[Trojan War]], which is known primarily through [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]''. Hector acted as leader of the Trojans and their allies in the defense of Troy, "killing 31,000 Greek fighters," offers Hyginus.<ref>[[Hyginus]], ''[[Gaius Julius Hyginus#Fabulae|Fabulae]]'' 115.</ref> Hector was known not only for his courage, but also for his noble and courtly nature. Indeed, Homer places Hector as peace-loving, thoughtful, as well as bold, a good son, husband and father, and without darker motives. However, his familial values conflict greatly with his heroic aspirations in the ''Iliad,'' as he cannot be both the protector of [[Troy]] and a father to his child.<ref name=":1" /> Hector is ultimately betrayed by the deities when [[Athena]] appears disguised as his ally [[Deiphobus]] and convinces him challenge Achilles, leading to his death at the hands of a superior warrior.<ref name=":4">Homer. ''The Iliad.'' Trans. Robert Fagles (1990). NY: Penguin Books. Chapter 14</ref>[[File:The_Rage_of_Achilles,_by_Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_(1696-1770),_Italian_Rococo_painter.jpg|thumb|''The Rage of Achilles'', by [[Giovanni Battista Tiepolo]], 1757|302x302px]]
+[[Achilles]] was a Greek hero who was considered the most formidable military fighter in the entire Trojan War and the central character of the ''Iliad''. He was the child of [[Thetis]] and [[Peleus]], making him a [[Demigod|demi-god]]. He wielded superhuman strength on the battlefield and was blessed with a close relationship to the [[List of Greek mythological figures#Immortals|deities]]. Achilles famously refused to fight after his dishonoring at the hands of Agamemnon, and only returned to the war due to unadulterated rage after Hector killed his close friend [[Patroclus]].<ref name=":4" /> Achilles was known for uncontrollable rage that defined many of his bloodthirsty actions, such as defiling Hector's corpse by dragging it around the city of Troy. Achilles plays a tragic role in the ''Iliad'' brought about by constant [https://books.google.com/books?id=5TFUv2VRKd8C&pg=PA91&dq=achilles+dehumanization&hl=en#v=onepage= de-humanization] throughout the epic, having his ''menis'' (wrath) overpower his ''philos'' (love).<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title = The Mortal Hero: An Introduction to Homer's Iliad|last = Schein|first = Seth|publisher = University of California Press|year = 1984|pages = 58}}</ref>
-'''''The Gentleman's Magazine''''' (1787) [http://www.google.com/books?id=ykwDAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA209&dq=%22an+hero%22 uses] an hero like a pro, and also includes many references to [[penis|Johnson]].
+Heroes in myth often had close, but conflicted relationships with the deities. Thus Heracles's name means "the glory of [[Hera]]", even though he was tormented all his life by Hera, the Queen of the Greek deities. Perhaps the most striking example is the Athenian king [[Erechtheus]], whom [[Poseidon]] killed for choosing [[Athena]] rather than him as the city's patron deity. When the Athenians worshiped Erechtheus on the [[Acropolis of Athens|Acropolis]], they invoked him as ''Poseidon Erechtheus''.
-== "An Hero" ==
+[[Destiny|Fate]], or destiny, plays a massive role in the stories of classical heroes. The classical hero's heroic significance stems from battlefield conquests, an inherently dangerous action.<ref name=":1" /> The deities in [[Greek mythology]], when interacting with the heroes, often foreshadow the hero's eventual death on the battlefield. Countless heroes and deities go to great lengths to alter their pre-destined fates, but with no success, as none, neither human or immortal can change their prescribed outcomes by the three powerful [[Fates]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url = http://www.auburn.wednet.edu/cms/lib03/WA01001938/Centricity/Domain/2205/Fate%20reading.pdf|title = Articles and musing on the concept of Fate for the ancient Greeks|website = Auburn University}}</ref> The most characteristic example of this is found in ''[[Oedipus Rex]].'' After learning that his son, [[Oedipus]], will end up killing him, the King of Thebes, [[Laius]], takes huge steps to assure his son's death by removing him from the kingdom. When Oedipus encounters his father when his father was unknown to him in a dispute on the road many years later, Oedipus slays him without an afterthought. The lack of recognition enabled Oedipus to slay his father, ironically further binding his father to his fate.<ref name=":5" />
-[[Image:Nigga_an_hero.PNG|thumb|right|Nigga drank bleach]]
-[[Image:Nextanhero.jpg|thumb|left|An Hero coming soon?!]]
-[[Image:Lulzycolumbine1.jpg|thumb|left|An heroes to us all!]]
-[[Image:YahooAnHero.jpg|thumb|left|[[unfunny|Become an hero!]]]]
+Stories of heroism may serve as [[moral example]]s. However, classical heroes often didn't embody the Christian notion of an upstanding, perfectly moral hero.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Four Conceptions of the Heroic|url = http://www.fellowshipofreason.com/archives/4heroes.htm|website = www.fellowshipofreason.com|access-date = 2015-12-07}}</ref> For example, Achilles's character-issues of hateful rage lead to merciless slaughter and his overwhelming pride lead to him only joining the Trojan War because he didn't want his soldiers to win all of the glory. Classical heroes, regardless of their morality, were placed in religion. In [[classical antiquity]], cults that venerated deified heroes such as [[Heracles]], [[Perseus]], and [[Achilles]] played an important role in Ancient Greek religion.<ref name=":2">Graf, Fritz. (2006) "Hero Cult." ''Brills New Pauly.'' Retrieved from http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/hero-cult-e511460?s.num=1&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.brill-s-new-pauly&s.q=hero.</ref> These ancient [[Greek hero cult]]s worshipped heroes from oral [[Epic Cycle|epic tradition]], with these heroes often bestowing blessings, especially healing ones, on individuals.<ref name=":2" />
-{{quote|I'm not a boy, I'm just an hero, I'm not a man, I'm an hero.|[[gay|Gerard Way]] of [[My Chemical Romance|My Chemical Bromance]]}}
+== Myth and monomyth ==
+[[File:JourneytotheWest.jpg|right|300px|thumb|The four heroes from the 16th-century Chinese novel, ''[[Journey to the West]]'']]
+The concept of the "Mythic Hero Archetype" was first developed by [[FitzRoy Somerset, 4th Baron Raglan|Lord Raglan]] in his 1936 book, ''The Hero, A Study in Tradition, Myth and Drama''. It is a set of 22 common traits that he said were shared by many heroes in various cultures, myths, and religions throughout history and around the world. Raglan argued that the higher the score, the more likely the figure is mythical.<ref>Lord Raglan. ''The Hero: A Study in Tradition, Myth and Drama by Lord Raglan'', Dover Publications, 1936</ref>
+[[File:Robert Wilhelm Ekman - Lemminkäinen and the Fiery Eagle - A I 457-307 - Finnish National Gallery.jpg|thumb|''[[Lemminkäinen]] and the Fiery Eagle'', Robert Wilhelm Ekman, 1867]]
+The concept of a story archetype of the standard [[Hero's journey|monomythical]] "hero's [[quest]]" that was reputed to be pervasive across all cultures, is somewhat controversial. Expounded mainly by [[Joseph Campbell]] in his 1949 work ''[[The Hero with a Thousand Faces]]'', it illustrates several uniting themes of hero stories that hold similar ideas of what a hero represents, despite vastly different cultures and beliefs. The monomyth or Hero's Journey consists of three separate stages including the Departure, Initiation, and Return. Within these stages there are several archetypes that the hero of either gender may follow, including the call to adventure (which they may initially refuse), supernatural aid, proceeding down a road of trials, achieving a realization about themselves (or an apotheosis), and attaining the freedom to live through their quest or journey. Campbell offered examples of stories with similar themes such as [[Krishna]], [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]], [[Apollonius of Tyana]], and [[Jesus]].<ref name=":0">Joseph Campbell in ''The Hero With a Thousand Faces'' Princeton University Press, 2004 [1949], 140, {{ISBN|0-691-11924-4}}</ref> One of the themes he explores is the androgynous hero, who combines male and female traits, such as Bodhisattva: "The first wonder to be noted here is the androgynous character of the Bodhisattva: masculine Avalokiteshvara, feminine Kwan Yin."<ref name=":0" /> In his 1968 book, ''The Masks of God: Occidental Mythology'', Campbell writes, "It is clear that, whether accurate or not as to biographical detail, the moving legend of the Crucified and Risen Christ was fit to bring a new warmth, immediacy, and humanity, to the old motifs of the beloved [[Dumuzid|Tammuz]], [[Adonis]], and [[Osiris]] cycles."<ref>[[Joseph Campbell]]. ''The Masks of God: Occidental Mythology'' Penguin, reprinted, {{ISBN|0-14-004306-3}}</ref>
-In spite of the obvious similarities, "an Hero" should not be confused with "[[Nigra|a Negro]]" or "[[Necrophilia|a Necro]]".
+== Slavic fairy tales ==
+[[File:Vasnetsov samolet.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ivan Tsarevich]], a hero of [[Slavic paganism|Russian folklore]], by [[Viktor Vasnetsov]] (1880)]]
+[[Vladimir Propp]], in his analysis of Russian [[fairy tale]]s, concluded that a fairy tale had only eight ''[[dramatis personæ]]'', of which one was the hero,<ref name="Propp">Vladimir Propp, ''Morphology of the Folk Tale'', {{ISBN|0-292-78376-0}}</ref>{{Rp|p. 80}} and his analysis has been widely applied to non-Russian folklore. The actions that fall into such a hero's sphere include:
+# Departure on a quest
+# Reacting to the test of a [[Donor (fairy tale)|donor]]
+# Marrying a princess (or similar figure)
+Propp distinguished between ''seekers'' and ''victim-heroes''. A [[villain]] could initiate the issue by kidnapping the hero or driving him out; these were victim-heroes. On the other hand, an antagonist could rob the hero, or kidnap someone close to him, or, without the villain's intervention, the hero could realize that he lacked something and set out to find it; these heroes are seekers. Victims may appear in tales with seeker heroes, but the tale does not follow them both.<ref name="Propp" />{{Rp|36}}
-It is also an obscure [[fact]] that the song "And the Hero Will Drown" by Story of the Year was originally titled "An Hero Will Drown Himself".
+== Historical studies ==<!-- This section is linked from [[Philosophy of history]] -->
+{{Further|Philosophy of history|Great man theory}}
+[[File:Simo hayha honorary rifle.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Simo Häyhä]], a Finnish military sniper during the [[Winter War]], achieved the reputation of a pioneering war hero,<ref>[https://theculturetrip.com/europe/finland/articles/story-simo-hayha-white-death-finland/ The Story of Simo Häyhä, the White Death of Finland - The Culture Trip]</ref> despite his modest nature.<ref>[https://www.is.fi/suomi100/art-2000005409481.html IS: Simo Häyhän muistikirja paljastaa tarkka-ampujan huumorintajun – "Valkoinen kuolema" esittää näkemyksensä ammuttujen vihollisten lukumäärästä] (in Finnish)</ref><ref>[url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R948DQAAQBAJ Tapio Saarelainen: The White Sniper]</ref>]]
+No history can be written without consideration of the lengthy list of [[List of medals for bravery|recipients of national medals for bravery]], populated by firefighters, policemen and policewomen, ambulance medics, and ordinary have-a-go heroes.<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/12/25/1040511087609.html smh.com.au: "Everyday heroes"], 26 Dec 2002</ref> These persons risked their lives to try to save or protect the lives of others: for example, the Canadian [[Cross of Valour (Canada)|Cross of Valour (C.V.)]] "recognizes acts of the most conspicuous courage in circumstances of extreme peril";<ref>[http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=13503 gg.ca: "Decorations for Bravery Ceremony"], 2 Feb 2010</ref> examples of recipients are [[Mary Dohey]] and [[David Gordon Cheverie]].
-[[File:Thic_quang_duc.jpg|thumb|Greatest an hero of all time.]]
+The philosopher [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]] gave a central role to the "hero", personalized by [[Napoleon]], as the incarnation of a particular culture's ''[[Geist#Volksgeist|Volksgeist]]'', and thus of the general ''[[Zeitgeist]]''. [[Thomas Carlyle]]'s 1841 work, ''On Heroes, Hero Worship and the Heroic in History'', also accorded a key function to heroes and great men in history. Carlyle centered history on the [[biography]] of a few central individuals such as [[Oliver Cromwell]] or [[Frederick the Great]]. His heroes were political and military figures, the founders or topplers of states. His history of great men included geniuses good and, perhaps for the first time in historical study, evil.
-It is a little known fact that the plural of an hero is "one's heroes," its grammar based in [[British]] [[English]]. This will remain a little known fact, [[Noone cares|as nobody gives a fuck]].
+Explicit defenses of Carlyle's position were rare in the second part of the 20th century. Most in the [[philosophy of history]] school contend that the motive forces in history may best be described only with a wider lens than the one that Carlyle used for his portraits. For example, [[Karl Marx]] argued that history was determined by the massive social forces at play in "[[Class conflict|class struggles]]", not by the individuals by whom these forces are played out. After Marx, [[Herbert Spencer]] wrote at the end of the 19th century: "You must admit that the genesis of the great man depends on the long series of complex influences which has produced the race in which he appears, and the social state into which that race has slowly grown...[b]efore he can remake his society, his society must make him."<ref name=Spencer>Spencer, Herbert. ''[https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=96277756 The Study of Sociology]'', Appleton, 1896, p. 34.</ref> [[Michel Foucault]] argued in [[Philosophy of history#Michel Foucault's analysis of historical and political discourse|his analysis of societal communication and debate]] that history was mainly the "science of the [[Sovereignty|sovereign]]", until its inversion by the "historical and political popular discourse".
-== "[[An Heroine]]" ==
+[[File:Mandela Bust at Southbank.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Bust of [[Nelson Mandela]] erected on London's [[South Bank]] by the [[Greater London Council]] administration of [[Ken Livingstone]] in 1985]]
-[[Image:Sexy an heroine.jpg|thumb|The fakest an [[Whore|heroine]] that ever was.]]
+[[File:Raoul Wallenberg.jpg|thumb|right|150px|The Swedish Diplomat [[Raoul Wallenberg]] saved the lives of tens of thousands of Jews in Budapest during World War II.<ref name="thomas.loc.gov">{{Cite web|title=The Library of Congress: Bill Summary & Status 112th Congress (2011–2012) H.R. 3001|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c112:H.R.3001:|date=2012-07-26|access-date=2013-07-28|archive-date=2012-08-05|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/69guCIivB?url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c112:H.R.3001:|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/?en/wallenberg/tributes/philately/3368.htm | title = Holocaust Hero Honored on Postage Stamp | year = 1996 | publisher = [[United States Postal Service]]}}</ref>]]
-For most men, before they become "An Hero", they kill themselves in order to deliver a final "Fuck You" to the world. Male suicide is [[over 9000]] times more prevalent than female suicide, simply because a man has [[at least 100]] times as much testosterone as your average woman, and is usually possessed of a certain degree of mechanical aptitude, which women never are.
+Modern examples of the typical hero are, [[Minnie Vautrin]], [[Norman Bethune]], [[Alan Turing]], [[Raoul Wallenberg]], [[Chiune Sugihara]], [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], [[Mother Teresa]], [[Nelson Mandela]], [[Oswaldo Payá]], [[Óscar Elías Biscet]], and [[Aung San Suu Kyi]].
-Women commit suicide for one of only two reasons. In the lesser case, they've lost someone they love and can't imagine [[dying alone]]. They decide to do Mother Nature and humanity a solid by also removing themselves from the gene pool.
+The [[Annales school]], led by [[Lucien Febvre]], [[Marc Bloch]], and [[Fernand Braudel]], would contest the exaggeration of the role of [[Subject (philosophy)|individual subjects]] in history. Indeed, Braudel distinguished various time scales, one accorded to the life of an individual, another accorded to the life of a few human generations, and the last one to [[civilization]]s, in which [[geography]], [[economics]], and [[demography]] play a role considerably more decisive than that of individual subjects.
-In all other cases, the woman attempts [[suicide]] and fucks up, resulting in her accidental death. Women are impelled to feign suicide whenever they are beset by despair. [[Attention whore|These women]] believe that people around them will support and comfort them, even if the only person from whom they're in danger is themselves. This is colloquially known as a "cry for help". They tend to use "sleeping pills" in their attempt and often need to try again. Maybe if they self-headshotted like a real man, they'd be successful.
+Among noticeable events in the studies of the role of the hero and [[Great man theory|great man]] in history one should mention [[Sidney Hook]]'s book (1943) ''[[Sidney Hook#Hero in History|The Hero in History]]''.<ref>Hook, S. 1955 [1943]. The Hero in History. A Study in Limitation and Possibility. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.</ref> In the second half of the twentieth century such male-focused theory has been contested, among others by feminists writers such as [[Judith Fetterley]] in ''The Resisting Reader'' (1977)<ref>{{Cite book|title = The Resisting Reader|last = Fetterley|first = Judith|publisher = Indiana University Press|year = 1977|location = Bloomington, IN}}</ref> and literary theorist [[Nancy K. Miller]], ''The Heroine's Text: Readings in the French and English Novel, 1722–1782''.<ref>{{Cite book|title = The Heroine's Text: Readings in the French and English Novel, 1722–1782|last = Miller|first = Nancy K.|publisher = Columbia University Press|year = 1980|location = New York}}</ref>
-''See also:'' [[Unrealistic Expectations]] and [[Celebrity|Hollywood Martyr]]. The only female an heroes worth mentioning are [[Megan Meier]], whose suicide produced epic [[BAWWW]] all over the internets, and [[Christine Chubbuck]], a '70s news anchor who shot herself during a live newscast moments after [[did it for the lulz|making a joke]] that she was doing so in accordance with network policy to bring the viewers more "blood and guts".
+In the epoch of [[globalization]] an individual may change the development of the country and of the whole world, so this gives reasons to some scholars to suggest returning to the problem of the role of the hero in history from the viewpoint of modern historical knowledge and using up-to-date methods of historical analysis.<ref>[[Leonid Grinin|Grinin, Leonid]] 2010. The Role of an Individual in History: A Reconsideration. Social Evolution & History, Vol. 9 No. 2 (pp. 95–136)  http://www.socionauki.ru/journal/articles/129622/</ref>
-===[[JEWS DID WTC|Emos did Hannah Bond]]===
+Within the frameworks of developing [[counterfactual history]], attempts are made to examine some hypothetical scenarios of historical development. The hero attracts much attention because most of those scenarios are based on the suppositions: what would have happened if this or that historical individual had or had not been alive.<ref>Thompson. W. The Lead Economy Sequence in World Politics (From Sung China to the United States): Selected Counterfactuals. Journal of Globalization Studies. Vol. 1, num. 1. 2010. pp. 6–28 http://www.socionauki.ru/journal/articles/126971/</ref>
-Those who comprise the 'emo scene', specifically [[My Chemical Romance]], were criticized by the coroner at the inquest into the death (by hanging) of a girl from Maidstone, Kent in the [[United Kingdom]] named [[Hannah Bond]].
+== Modern fiction ==
+{{Further|Vanity Fair (novel)|Superhero}}
+[[File:Batman_and_Robin_1966.JPG|thumb|[[Batman]] ([[Adam West]]) and [[Robin (character)|Robin]] (Burt Ward) in the 1966–1968 television series, ''[[Batman (TV series)|Batman]]'']]
+The word "hero" (or "heroine" in modern times), is sometimes used to describe the [[protagonist]] or the [[List of stock characters|romantic interest]] of a story, a usage which may conflict with the superhuman expectations of heroism.<ref name=":3" /> A good example is [[Anna Karenina]], the lead character in the novel of the same title by [[Leo Tolstoy]]. In modern literature the hero is more and more a problematic concept. In 1848, for example, [[William Makepeace Thackeray]] gave ''[[Vanity Fair (novel)|Vanity Fair]]'' the subtitle, ''A Novel without a Hero'', and imagined a world in which no sympathetic character was to be found.<ref>[[Northrop Frye]], ''[[Anatomy of Criticism]]'', p. 34, {{ISBN|0-691-01298-9}}</ref> ''Vanity Fair'' is a satirical representation of the absence of truly moral heroes in the modern world.<ref>Shmoop Editorial Team. (2008, November 11). ''Vanity Fair Theme of Morality and Ethics''. Retrieved December 6, 2015, from http://www.shmoop.com/vanity-fair-thackeray/morality-ethics-theme.html</ref> The story focuses on the characters, Emmy Sedley and Becky Sharpe (the latter as the clearly defined anti-hero), with the plot focused on the eventual marriage of these two characters to rich men, revealing character flaws as the story progresses. Even the most sympathetic characters, such as Captain Dobbin, are susceptible to weakness, as he is often narcissistic and melancholy.
-Fuck her.
+The larger-than-life hero is a more common feature of [[fantasy]] (particularly in [[comic book]]s and [[High fantasy|epic fantasy]]) than more realist works.<ref name=":3">[[L. Sprague de Camp]], ''[[Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers]]: The Makers of Heroic Fantasy'', p. 5 {{ISBN|0-87054-076-9}}</ref> However, these larger-than life figures remain prevalent in society. The superhero genre is a multibillion-dollar industry that includes comic books, movies, toys, and video games. Superheroes usually possess extraordinary talents and powers that no living human could ever possess. The superhero stories often pit a [[Supervillain|super villain]] against the hero, with the hero fighting the crime caused by the super villain. Examples of long-running superheroes include [[Superman]], [[Wonder Woman]], [[Batman]], and [[Spider-Man]].
-==Famous Implements Used to Become An Hero==
+Research indicates that male writers are more likely to make heroines superhuman, whereas female writers tend to make heroines ordinary humans, as well as making their male heroes more powerful than their heroines, possibly due to sex differences in valued traits.<ref>Ingalls, Victoria. "Who creates warrior women? An investigation of the warrior characteristics of fictional female heroes based on the sex of the author." Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 1 (2020): 79.</ref>
-[[Image:Wannabeanhero.jpg|thumb|right|No beating around the bush here.]]
-[[File:Kill yourself desu.png|thumb|right|[[Some argue]] that anime contains subliminal messages that influence people to become an heroes]]
-*[[Guns]]
-*[[cutting|Razor blades]]
-*[[Mitchell Henderson|A lost Ipod]]
-*[[Mr. Hands|Sex with a horse]]
-*[[Chris Benoit|Strangulation]]
-*[[Criss Angel|Being a witch]]
-*<s>[[Kool-aid]]</s> Actually [[fact|it was Grape Flavor-Aid]], Hollywood made it Kool-Aid.
-*[[Kurt Cobain|Shotgun Mouthwash]]
-*[[Lil_Peep|Drugs]]
-*[[The Great Sonic-cide of 2007|Bricks and knives]]
-*[[Robert Hawkins|Shooting up malls claiming you'll be famous]]
-*[[Jesus|Pissing off the Jews and Romans, then carrying a crucifix up a hill so you can get nailed to it]]
-*[[JEWS DID WTC|An American Aeroplane]]
-*A circular saw
-*[[Amanda Todd|Bleach]]
-*Listening to the [[Anti-Lulz|<strike>Jonas</strike> Faggot]] Brothers
-*Listening to Miley Cyrus
-*[[Doki Doki Literature Club|Rope]]
-==Why you are NOT "An Hero" ==
+== Psychology ==
-[[Image:Morrison.jpg|thumb|right|I'm dying Squirtle]]
+[[Social psychology]] has begun paying attention to heroes and heroism.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Rusch | first1 = H. | year = 2022 | title = Heroic behavior: A review of the literature on high-stakes altruism in the wild | journal = Current Opinion in Psychology | volume = 43 | pages = 238–243 | doi=10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.07.024}}</ref> Zeno Franco and [[Philip Zimbardo]] point out differences between heroism and altruism, and they offer evidence that observer perceptions of unjustified risk play a role above and beyond risk type in determining the ascription of heroic status.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Franco | first1 = Z. | last2 = Blau | first2 = K. | last3 = Zimbardo | first3 = P. | year = 2011 | title = Heroism: A conceptual analysis and differentiation between heroic action and altruism | journal = Review of General Psychology | volume = 5 | issue = 2| pages = 99–113 | doi=10.1037/a0022672| citeseerx = 10.1.1.366.8315| s2cid = 16085963 }}</ref>
-*You have lost your Zune.
-*You have friends who can spell.
-*[[Jolene JRyda|The only people who fell for your faked suicide were juggalos.]]
-*You did not kill yourself.
-*You are still alive.
-*Your eulogy is not posted on <del>[[MySpace]]</del> [[Facebook]]
-*You are not Heath Ledger.
-*You are not a [[16 year old girl]]
-*You haven't finished drafting your suicide note.
-*You are not Hammy Havoc.
-*You are a Jew.
-*You are a [[ginger]].
-==Reasons You Are An Hero==
+Psychologists have also identified the traits of heroes. Elaine Kinsella and her colleagues<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kinsella | first1 = E. | last2 = Ritchie | first2 = T. | last3 = Igou | first3 = E. | year = 2015 | title = Zeroing in on Heroes: A prototype analysis of hero features | journal = Journal of Personality and Social Psychology | volume = 108 | issue = 1| pages = 114–127 | doi=10.1037/a0038463| pmid = 25603370 | hdl = 10344/5515 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> have identified 12 central traits of heroism, which consist of brave, moral integrity, conviction, courageous, self-sacrifice, protecting, honest, selfless, determined, saves others, inspiring, and helpful. Scott Allison and George Goethals<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Allison | first1 = S. T. | last2 = Goethals | first2 = G. R. | title = Heroes: What They Do & Why We Need Them | year = 2011 | publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 9780199739745 }}</ref> uncovered evidence for "the great eight traits" of heroes consisting of wise, strong, resilient, reliable, charismatic, caring, selfless, and inspiring. These researchers have also identified four primary functions of heroism.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Allison | first1 = S. T. | last2 = Goethals | first2 = G. R. | year = 2015 | title = Hero worship: The elevation of the human spirit | journal = Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour | volume = 46 | issue = 2| pages = 187–210 | doi=10.1111/jtsb.12094}}</ref> Heroes give us wisdom; they enhance us; they provide moral modeling; and they offer protection.
-[[Image:Kurtcobain.jpg|thumb|right|The worst an hero. Can't you please fucking die a second time?]]
-[[Image:Shottieluv.jpg|thumb|right|Thank me later ED]]
-* You lost your [[iPod]].
-* You [http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/09/07/21/worker_commits_suicide_after_iphone_prototype_goes_missing_reports.html lost] your [[iPhone]] 4G Prototype.
-* You have lost the game.
-* [[No one likes you]].
-* [[An Wiiro|Your dad would not let you play Wii]].
-* The world shall not [[ignore]] your pain any longer..
-* You got a ticket for a ride on a [[Heaven's Gate|spaceship behind a comet.]]
-* Your girlfriend dumped you.
-* Your parents won't let you go see [[My Chemical Romance]].
-* [[Rudolph Zurick|Your prison lover left you]].
-* You are in an "internet suicide room."
-* You got rejected from [[MIT]] or [[Harvard]].
-* The [[Codey Porter|sand ninjas]] from ''Naruto'' made you kill yourself in a small sandbox.
-* [[L._Ron_Hubbard|You]] overdosed on drugs when trying to create more stories for your [[Scientology|cult]] to believe.
-* You get butthurt from people calling you a [[newfag]], when in reality...[[Fail|you are]].
-* [[Self injury]] just wasn't enough.
-* [[Twilight|Edward Cullen]] won't respond to your emails.
-* You're [[Welfare|unemployed]].
-* [[Megan Meier|You are in love with Josh Evans]].
-* You think the internet is [[real]] life and you're AN HERO because some one who lives 5000 miles away says that your [[YouTube]] video is shit.
-* You own a [[MacBook Air]].
-* You're a "victim" of sexting.
-* [[Your mom]] cancelled your [[World of Warcraft]] account.
-* You are distraught that [[Michael Jackson]] died before he had a chance to molest you.
-* You haven't had a girlfriend since [[1984]], and haven't gotten laid since [[George Sodini|1990]].
-* You enjoy [[Dustin Michaels|choking on both cocks and weed]].
-* You are [[Wikipedia:Jeremy Michael Boorda|Admiral Boorda]] and know that you'll never earn that fifth star.
-* You are into [[Autoerotic asphyxiation]] and your [[orgasm]] lasted longer than you thought.
-==An hero Day==
+An [[evolutionary psychology]] explanation for heroic risk-taking is that it is a [[Handicap principle|costly signal]] demonstrating the ability of the hero. It may be seen as one form of [[altruism]] for which there are several other evolutionary explanations as well.<ref name=AEP1>Pat Barcaly. The evolution of charitable behaviour and the power of reputation. In {{Cite book | last1 = Roberts | first1 = S. C. | editor1-last = Roberts | doi = 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586073.001.0001 | editor1-first = S. Craig | title = Applied Evolutionary Psychology | year = 2011 | publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 9780199586073 }}</ref><ref name=EEPS1>Hannes Rusch. High-cost altruistic helping. In {{Cite book | editor1-last = Shackelford | editor2-last = Weekes-Shackelford | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_1556-1 | editor1-first = T. K. | editor2-first = V. A. | title = Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science | year = 2016 | publisher = Springer| isbn = 9783319196510 }}</ref>
-[[Image:Mickey-suicide.jpg|thumb|right|an hero day]]
-*On '''April 20, 571''' AD, Mohammed was born.  For centuries to come, countless [[Islam|Muslims]] would honor their prophet by becoming an heroes.
-*On April 20th, [[At least 100 years ago|1889]] [[Adolf Hitler]] was born. After causing [[Holocaust|lulz]], he became an hero.
-*On April 20th, [[World War II|1945]] - [[military|The US Military]] captured Leipzig, Germany. Leipzig's mayor killed himself, becoming an hero, but not before he killed his wife and child for the lulz, making him pretty awesome; otherwise nobody would give a shit about him.
-*On April 20th, 1999, [[columbine|two heroes]] named Eric and Dylan decided to shoot up their school for the lulz. After killing 13 people, they became an heroes.
-*On April 20th, [[2006]], [[Mitchell Henderson]] was having a bad day, and he couldn't find his [[iPod]]. He finally couldn't take it anymore, and so he became an hero.
-*On April 20th, [[2007]] [[wikipedia:Johnson_Space_Center_Shooting|a man raided mission control]] in [[Houston]] and shot a hostage before shooting himself. Houston, we have an hero.
-*On April 20th, 2007, [[Ben Vodden]] hung himself because his bus driver called him a wank.
-*On April 20th, [[2010]], an [[oil]] rig off the Gulf Coast called [[Deepwater Horizon]] was blown up by [[islam|muslims]]. Stoners all over the world didn't notice.
-*An hero day is also '''4/20''', count on many stoners tripping balls as you end yourself
-==An Villain==
+Roma Chatterji has suggested that the hero or more generally protagonist is first and foremost a symbolic representation of the person who is experiencing the story while reading, listening, or watching;<ref name=Chatterji>{{Cite journal|last=Chatterji|first=Roma|date=January 1986|title=The Voyage of the Hero: The Self and the Other in One Narrative Tradition of Purulia|journal=Contributions to Indian Sociology|issue=19|pages=95–114|doi=10.1177/006996685019001007|volume=19|s2cid=170436735}}</ref> thus the relevance of the hero to the individual relies a great deal on how much similarity there is between them and the character. Chatterji suggested that one reason for the hero-as-self interpretation of stories and myths is the human inability to view the world from any perspective but a personal one.
-[[File:NaomiMisoraAnHero.png|thumb|With the help of a [[Death Note|magic notebook]], this woman became an hero. The an villain who had the same notebook made this happen.]]
-Sometimes an heroes need a gentle nudge in the right direction, this is why "an villains" exist. By committing some serious [[IRL]] trolling, you too can drive that wannabe an hero to achieve his/her full potential. Good examples of an villains include [[Gary Oak]] (the Ash you see nowadays is a different one), [[Jesus]] and Bowser. Be warned that even though being an villain is a kind and noble act, many do not see it this way. Many will try to hurt, kill, rape or even troll you (it's like the goatse man getting goatsed). Be sure to always pack some heat and carry a razor blade; an villains can turn into an heroes too.
-==An Sidekick==
+In the [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning book, ''[[The Denial of Death]]'', [[Ernest Becker]] argues that human civilization is ultimately an elaborate, symbolic defense mechanism against the knowledge of our mortality, which in turn acts as the emotional and intellectual response to our basic [[Anti-predator adaptation|survival mechanism]]. Becker explains that a basic duality in human life exists between the physical world of objects and a symbolic world of human meaning. Thus, since humanity has a dualistic nature consisting of a physical self and a symbolic self, he asserts that humans are able to transcend the [[dilemma]] of mortality through heroism, by focusing attention mainly on the symbolic self. This symbolic self-focus takes the form of an individual's "[[immortality]] project" (or "''[[causa sui]]'' project"), which is essentially a symbolic belief-system that ensures that one is believed superior to physical reality. By successfully living under the terms of the immortality project, people feel they can become heroic and, henceforth, part of something eternal; something that will never die as compared to their physical body. This he asserts, in turn, gives people the feeling that their lives have meaning, a purpose, and are significant in the grand scheme of things. Another theme running throughout the book is that humanity's traditional "hero-systems", such as [[religion]], are no longer convincing in the [[Age of Enlightenment|age of reason]]. Science attempts to serve as an immortality project, something that Becker believes it can never do, because it is unable to provide agreeable, absolute meanings to human life. The book states that we need new convincing "illusions" that enable people to feel heroic in ways that are agreeable. Becker, however, does not provide any definitive answer, mainly because he believes that there is no perfect solution. Instead, he hopes that gradual realization of humanity's innate motivations, namely death, may help to bring about a better world. [[Terror management theory|Terror Management Theory]] (TMT) has generated evidence supporting this perspective.
-Sometimes a person's motivation for becoming an hero is the very thing that prevents them from doing so; due to [[AIDS|sickness]], [[Christopher Reeve|paralysis]], [[Josef Fritzl|incarceration]] or even mental retardation. In this case they may need to recruit an sidekick to [[Murder|assist]] them in their [[Suicide|endeavour]], usually a close friend, family member, or helpful doctor.
-==SecondhANd HERO==
+== Mental and physical integration ==
-[[Copypasta]] from [[TOW]]:
+Examining the success of resistance fighters on [[Crete]] during the [[Axis occupation of Greece |Nazi occupation in WWII]], author and endurance researcher [[Christopher McDougall |C. McDougall]] drew connections to the [[Ancient Greek]] heroes and a culture of integrated physical self-mastery, training, and mental conditioning that fostered confidence to take action, and made it possible for individuals to accomplish feats of great prowess, even under the harshest of conditions. The skills established an "...ability to unleash tremendous resources of strength, endurance, and agility that many people don’t realize they already have.”<ref>{{citation |last=McDougall |first=Christopher |title=Natural Born Heroes: Mastering the Lost Secrets of Strength and Endurance |page=12 |author-link=Christopher McDougall |publisher=Penguin |date=2016 |isbn=978-0-307-74222-3 }}</ref>
+McDougall cites examples of heroic acts, including a ''[[scholium]]'' to [[Pindar]]’s Fifth Nemean Ode: “Much weaker in strength than the [[Minotaur]], [[Theseus]] fought with it and won using ''[[pankration]]'', as he had no knife.” ''Pankration'' is an ancient Greek term meaning "total power and knowledge,” one "...associated with gods and heroes...who conquer by tapping every talent.”<ref>{{citation |last=McDougall |first=Christopher |title=Natural Born Heroes: Mastering the Lost Secrets of Strength and Endurance |page=91 |author-link=Christopher McDougall |publisher=Penguin |date=2016 |isbn=978-0-307-74222-3 }}</ref>
-[[wikipedia:Anna_Svidersky|Anna Esther Svidersky]] (April 26, 1988 – April 20, 2006) was a [[16-year-old girl|teenager]] who lived in the U.S. city of Vancouver, Washington, and was murdered while working in a [[McDonald's]] restaurant, by schizophrenic sex offender David Barton Sullivan. News of her [[death]] quickly spread worldwide, initially through the [[Internet]] friends site [[MySpace]], where she had a personal page, and then through other [[ED|similar sites]].
+== See also ==
+{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
+* [[Action hero]]
+** [[List of female action heroes and villains]]
+* [[Antihero]]
+* [[Byronic hero]]
+* [[Carnegie Hero Fund]]
+* [[Culture hero]]
+* [[Folk hero]]
+* [[Germanic hero]]
+* [[Hero and Leander]]
+* [[Hero of Socialist Labour]]
+* [[Heroic fantasy]]
+* [[List of genres]]
+* [[Randian hero]]
+* [[Reluctant hero]]
+* [[Romantic hero]]
+* [[Space opera]]
+* [[Tragic hero]]
+* [[Youxia]]
+{{Div col end}}
-== Hero Anthem ==
+== References ==
-[[Image:Lemmingsbecominganheroes.jpg|thumb|right|[[The An Heroes of Bridgend|Teenagers in a small town in south Wales becoming an heroes]] [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/bridgend-deaths-police-warn-of-bebo-internet-suicide-cult-774532.html simultaneously].]]
+{{reflist}}
-:''Where have all the good parents gone?''
+== Further reading ==
-:''And where is my iPod?''
+{{Refbegin|2}}
-:''Where's the street-wise bullies?''
+* {{Cite book
-:''To assault me after school?''
+| last = Allison | first = Scott
-:''Isn't there a teacher in a fiery tie?''
+| author-link = Scott Allison
-:''Late at night I toss and I turn and I dream of what I'll be''
+| title = Heroes: What They Do and Why We Need Them
+| location = [[Richmond, Virginia]]
+| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
+| year = 2010
+}}
+*{{Cite book|last=Bell|first=Andrew|title=British-Canadian Centennium, 1759–1859: General James Wolfe, His Life and Death: A Lecture Delivered in the Mechanics' Institute Hall, Montreal, on Tuesday, September 13, 1859, being the Anniversary Day of the Battle of Quebec, fought a Century before in which Britain lost a Hero and Won a Province|publisher=J. Lovell|location=Quebec|year=1859|pages=52|author-link=Andrew Bell (journalist)}}
+* {{Cite book
+| last = Blashfield
+| first = Jean
+| author-link = Jean Blashfield Black
+| title = Hellraisers, Heroines and Holy Women
+| location = [[New York City|New York]]
+| publisher = [[St. Martin's Press]]
+| year = 1981
+}}
+* {{Cite book
+| last = Burkert
+| first = Walter
+| author-link = Walter Burkert
+| chapter = The dead, heroes and chthonic gods
+| title = Greek Religion
+| location = [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]
+| publisher = [[Harvard University Press]]
+| year = 1985
+}}
+* {{Cite book
+| last = Calder | first = Jenni
+| year = 1977
+| title = Heroes. From Byron to Guevara
+| location = London | publisher = Hamish Hamilton
+| isbn = 978-0-241-89536-8
+}}
+* {{Cite book
+| last = Campbell | first = Joseph
+| author-link = Joseph Campbell
+| title = The Hero with a Thousand Faces
+| location = [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]]
+| publisher = [[Princeton University Press]]
+| year = 1949 | title-link = The Hero with a Thousand Faces
+}}
+* {{Cite journal
+| last = Chatterji | first = Roma
+| title = The Voyage of the Hero: The Self and the Other in One Narrative Tradition of Purulia
+| journal = Contributions to Indian Sociology
+| volume = 19
+| year = 1986
+| pages = 95–114
+| doi = 10.1177/006996685019001007
+| s2cid = 170436735
+}}
+* Carlyle, Thomas (1840) ''[https://archive.org/details/heroesheroworshi00carl On Heroes, Hero Worship and the Heroic in History]''
+* Craig, David, ''Back Home'', Life Magazine-Special Issue, Volume 8, Number 6, 85–94.
+* {{Cite book
+| last = Dundes | first = Alan | author2 = Otto Rank| author3 = Lord Raglan
+| year = 1990
+| title = In Quest of the Hero
+| location = [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]]
+| publisher = [[Princeton University Press]]
+}}
+* {{Cite book
+| last = Hadas | first = Moses |author2=Morton Smith
+| year = 1965
+| title = Heroes and Gods
+| publisher = [[HarperCollins|Harper & Row]]
+}}
+* {{Cite journal | last1 = Hein | first1 = David | year = 1993 | title = The Death of Heroes, the Recovery of the Heroic | url = https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000242002 | journal = Christian Century | volume = 110 | pages = 1298–1303}}
+* {{Cite book
+| last = Kerényi | first = Karl
+| author-link = Károly Kerényi
+| year = 1959
+| title = The Heroes of the Greeks
+| location = [[London]]
+| publisher = [[Thames & Hudson]]
+}}
+* Hook, Sydney (1943) ''The Hero in History: A Study in Limitation and Possibility''
+* {{Cite book
+| last = Khan | first = Sharif
+| author-link = Sharif Khan
+| year = 2004
+| title = Psychology of the Hero Soul
+}}
+*{{Cite book | last= Lee |first=Christopher |title= Nelson and Napoleon, The Long Haul to Trafalgar |author-link=Christopher Lee (historian) |publisher=headline books |pages=560 |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7553-1041-8}}
+* [[Henry Liddell|Lidell, Henry]] and [[Robert Scott (philologist)|Robert Scott]]. ''[[A Greek–English Lexicon]].'' &nbsp; [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057 link]
+* {{Cite book
+| last = Rohde | first = Erwin
+| author-link = Erwin Rohde
+| year = 1924
+| title = Psyche
+}}
+*{{Cite book|last=Price|first=John|title=Everyday Heroism: Victorian Constructions of the Heroic Civilian|publisher=Bloomsbury|location=London|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4411-0665-0}}
+* {{Cite book
+| author = Lord Raglan
+| author-link = FitzRoy Somerset, 4th Baron Raglan
+| year = 1936
+| title = The Hero: A Study in Tradition, Myth and Drama
+| location = Mineola, NY
+| publisher = Dover Publications
+}} (Republished 2003)
+* {{Cite journal
+| last = Smidchens | first = Guntis
+| title = National Heroic Narratives in the Baltics as a Source for Nonviolent Political Action
+| journal = Slavic Review
+| volume = 66,3
+| issue = 3
+| year = 2007
+| pages = 484–508
+| doi = 10.2307/20060298
+| jstor = 20060298
+}}
+* {{Cite book |title=What Makes a Hero?: The Surprising Science of Selflessness |last=Svoboda |first=Elizabeth |year=2014 |publisher=Current |isbn=978-1617230134 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/whatmakesherosur0000svob }}
+{{Refend}}
-:'''''(Chorus)'''''
+== External links ==
-:''I'll be An Hero''
+{{Commons category|Heroes|hero}}
-:''I'm becoming An Hero at the end of the night''
+{{Wiktionary|hero}}
-:''I just killed two cops''
+{{Wikiquote|Heroes}}
-:''And I'm gonna be dead''
+*[http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tours/heroes/tour1.html ''The British Hero'']&nbsp;— online exhibition from [[screenonline]], a website of the [[British Film Institute]], looking at British heroes of film and television.
-:''And I'm gonna be fresh from the morgue''
+*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/inourtime_20040506.shtml Listen to BBC Radio 4's ''In Our Time'' programme on Heroism]
+*[http://rootsofaction.com/blog/role-of-heroes-for-children/ "The Role of Heroes in Children's Lives"] by [[Marilyn Price-Mitchell]], PhD
+*''[https://vimeo.com/ondemand/10percent 10%&nbsp;— What Makes A Hero]'' directed by [[Yoav Shamir]]
-:''I'll be An Hero''
+{{Fantasy fiction}}
-:''I'll be discovered by Mom in the morning light''
+{{Stock characters}}
-:''I had a bad day''
+{{Authority control}}
-:''And I was called gay''
-:''And now I'm gonna be larger than life''
-:''I’ll be An Hero''
+[[Category:Heroes| ]]
+[[Category:Epic poetry]]
-:''Somewhere after midnight''
+[[Category:Good and evil]]
-:''In my depressing LiveJournals''
+[[Category:Fantasy tropes]]
-:''Somewhere, just beyond my reach''
+[[Category:Jungian archetypes]]
-:''There's a noose in reach of me''
+[[Category:Literary archetypes]]
+[[Category:Mythological archetypes]]
-:''Racing to the bathtub''
+[[Category:Mythological characters]]
-:''And cutting both my wrists''
+[[Category:Protagonists by role]]
-:''It's gonna take a headshot to sweep me off my feet, yeah''
-:'''''(Repeat Chorus)'''''
-:''Down where the grave meet the Hells below''
-:''Out where the trolls splits MySpace''
-:''I swear everyone says [[DO IT FAGGOT]] to me''
-:''Through the wind and the chill and the rain''
-:''As I drink all the bleach''
-:''I can feel its approach like a fire in my throat''
-:'''''(Repeat Chorus)'''''
-:''I’ll be An Hero''
-:''I'm becoming An Hero at the end of the night''
-:''I just killed two cops''
-:''And I’m gonna be dead''
-:''And I’m gonna be fresh from the morgue''
-:''I’ll be An Hero''
-:''I'll be discovered by Mom in the morning light''
-:''I had a bad day''
-:''And I was called gay''
-:''And now I’m gonna be larger than life''
-:''Now I’m An Hero.''
-== An Heroes Song ==
-[[Image:Scorpio.png|thumb|right|Scorpios were born to An Hero.]]
-(To the tune of "Heroes" by David Bowie.)
-''I-I wish I could find''
-''Find my iPod-Nano 16 gig''
-''Though nothing-nothing will keep us together''
-''I can't find it-I've lost it forever''
-''Oh I'll be an hero-on 'An Hero Day'''
-''We-we've been playing''
-''Playing-playing some 'Doom'''
-''And Manson he told us to slay''
-''Oh let's be an heroes-on 'An Hero Day'''
-''We can PWN them-on 'An Hero Day'''
-''I-I went on Bebo''
-''I saw-BSC''
-''And in Wales-and found me a tree''
-''Tied my rope-put my neck through the hoop''
-''But before-told 'The Sun' bout me''
-''I stood on the stool-kicked it from beneath me''
-''Oh I'll be an hero-cos Bridgend is shit''
-''Let's be an heroes (3X)''
-''On 'An Hero Day'''
-''Let's be an heroes''
-''We're dying, and dying by ourselves''
-''We need attention, oh put me on 4chan''
-''But we could be famous, til the meme dies''
-''Oh, oh, oh, ohhh-oh, oh, oh, ohhh, on 'An Hero Day'''
-''Oh, on 'An Hero Day'''
-== NotAnotherAnthem ==
-''I promised him I wouldn't be reckless. I promised him I'd be okay...I love him....tell him I love him. And tell him to not be so upset about me...I don't want him to dwell on what could have been. I don't want to ruin his life.''
-==The [[fact|Official]] An Hero Song==
-<youtube>LW3K_zzlH4Y</youtube>
-==The "An Hero" Paradox==
-[[Image:Wlkyanhero.jpg|thumb|right|Even the liberal [[media]] wants you to become an hero.]]
-Scientists have theorized about what is known as the "An Hero" paradox.  In order for such a paradox to take place, two people with [[iPod]]s must steal each other's [[iPod]].  The obligation to become an hero would conflict with the gain of an [[iPod]], most likely producing the same results as [[Divide by zero|dividing by zero]].
-Scientists resolved the problem by confirming that anyone who owns an [[iPod]] should become an hero immediately due to the intense [[fail]] of [[iPod]]s. The only problem with this is that only [[emo]] [[faggots]] use [[iPod]]s. And [[you]] should know that emos never kill themselves (sadly).
-==Japanese East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere An Hero==
-Yukio Mishima, Japan's leading Cocksman, achieved the highest score playing seppuku on his [[Nintendo]] Color TV Game. For his achievements, The Japanese Self Defense Forces gave him a high-five and a pat on the back for good measure, but secretly they laughed at him behind his back. Mishima saw a printed [[AIM]] CONVO of their giggling and was transformed into a mighty Showa [[Emo]]fag. He knew that something had to be done immediately, so he went inside and had one of his pretty young men behead him after he disemboweled himself.
-<youtube>IasOkulcDQk</youtube>
-== ''The Happening'' ==
-In this movie, an unknown source releases a chemical that causes entire populations of people to kill themselves and become an heroes. As a matter of fact, the only people in the movie who do not become an heroes are the main characters, as if this wasn't a drawn-out horror movie [[meme|cliché]]. As the movie does not explain much about it's own plot in the end and watching it is a huge waste of time for anybody.
-Actually, the 'unknown source' was a bunch of [[LOL WUT|fucking plants]]. Angry, vengeful plants. Never before in a movie have there been so many stock shots of wind blowing ominously through foliage, and never before have so many enviro-Nazis simultaneously wet themselves.
-==Video tutorials on how and how not to an hero==
-<center>{{fv|hero2vids|background-color: black;|font-weight: bold;|<video type="dailymotion" id="x3qtvz_alternate-happy-days-tv-intro_fun" width="540" height="406" desc="(Alternate) Happy Days TV Intro" frame="true" position="center"/>
-|<youtube>ErOHLMmaZ3Y</youtube>}}</center>
-== GLORIOUS NUCLEAR SUICIDE ==
-<center>
-Of all the ways to become an hero, this is the best by far:<br />
-<youtube>wcW_Ygs6hm0</youtube>
-</center>
-== An YouTube Heroes ==
-<center>
-[[Nasim Aghdam|How JewTube is making people become An Hero:]]<br />
-<dailymotion>x6haj3a</dailymotion>
-</center>
-==An Heros==
-{{Incompletehero}}
-{{cg|Gallery of An Heroism|anherogallery|center|<gallery perrow="5">
-Image:Mitchellhenderson.jpg|[[Mitchell Henderson]]
-Image:Moreselfpwnagepls.gif|[[Budd Dwyer]]
-Image:Robin-williams-suicide.png|[[Robin Williams|Even millionaires seek attention sometimes]].
-Image:Jailsuicide.gif
-Image:Anhero3.gif|[[Ricardo Lopez|A tribute to]] [[Tranny|Bjork]].
-</gallery>|<gallery perrow="5">
-File:SamHengel.jpg|[[Sam Hengel|Good example of Troll's Remorse]].
-File:ItsBetterThisWay.gif
-Image:an_other_slowly_hero.jpeg
-Image:Anhero-animu-motivational.png| [[Animu]] [[An Hero]]
-File:Hero.gif
-Image:Derren Brown Russian Roulette gLk7AR.jpg | Brit fag in the middle of An Heroing
-Image:Emile_Henry_1872-1894.jpg|Vintage 19th Century French An Hero.
-Image:HaroMerge.jpg
-Image:Anherologs.png|[[Bureaucratic fuck]]s on an hero.
-Image:an_hero_emo_Hardcore.gif|Typical an hero wallpaper.
-Image:DawnOfTheBlackHearts.jpg|[[Black Metal|Per "Dead" Ohlin of Mayhem]].
-Image:Anherodiver.PNG|Yahoo!
-Image:An_heroes_1.png
-Image:Annhiro.jpg|The fuck you carr me for??
-Image:Jakeroberts.jpg|[[An Wiiro]]
-Image:anheromotivational.jpg
-Image:LocalAnHeroes.jpg|<center>Support your local an hero!<br>(They won't die if you don't give them a reason.)</center>
-Image:Anheroic.jpg|calling helen of troy 'an heroic voice' is pretty fucking lulzy, in general
-Image:Jennygrant.jpg|Sometimes [[Jenny Grant|whores]] an hero too.
-Image:Angyrohero-1-.jpg
-Image:Prinz.jpg
-Image:BandDBurgers.JPG|Eating a 4 pound hamburger and a pound of fries doesn't make one an hero, but since the creator used quotation marks, we forgive him.
-Image:SuicideGuidline.jpg|Proper guideline for arranging an hero entertainment.
-Image:Stupid nigger.gif|black person have difficulty becoming an hero.
-File:An bundy.jpg|Bundy approved
-File:Becumanhurro.jpg|Do what the big man says.
-Image:Anheronerd.jpg
-File:Baby an hero.jpg|It's never too early to start.
-File:4chan pilleating cracker.jpg|OP pulls off a [[ripper]]/[[CandyJunkie]]
-File:OP is dead.jpg|I accidently the entire bottle,is this bad?
-File:IMHOMERSIMP.png|[[The Simpsons|Well, I don't need safety gloves, BECAUSE I'M HOMER SIMP-]]
-File:Kaboom.gif
-File:An_hero.jpg
-File:An_hero2.jpg
-File:An_hero_is_born.jpg
-File:An_hero_is_kaeliah.gif
-File:An_hero_vs_an_aspie.png
-File:An_heronie.jpg
-File:Swayzak2.jpg|Swayzak, a rare case when the an hero is obscure CGI.
-</gallery>}}
-==An Hero version 2.0==
-These are just like an hero v1.0, with one exciting difference: they kill everyone they encounter, then use their last bullet to clean the slate.
-===Instructions===
-How to become or upgrade to version 2.0?
-#Having made all other preparations common to v1.0 procedure, proceed to your nearest arms dealer, the more illegal the better.
-#Buy whatever you can lay your hands on (bonus points for automatics and/or [[shotgun]]s).
-#Find an occupied area (bonus points for schools and hospitals; score is doubled if you hate anyone usually found there).
-#Kill em' all, baby.
-#Remember: that last shot is for you.
-===Notable An Heroes Version 2.0:===
-{{Incompletehero}}
-* [[Adam Lanza]]
-* [[Asa Coon]]
-* [[Munich Massacre|Ali David Sonboly]]
-* [[Brandon Scott Hole]]
-* [[Vester Lee "Bryce Williams" Flanagan II|Bryce Williams]]
-* [[Chris Benoit]]
-* [[Chris Harper-Mercer]]
-* [[Cho Seung-Hui]]
-* [[Devin Patrick Kelley]]
-* [[Columbine|Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris]]
-* [[Elliot Rodger]]
-* [[Éric Borel]]
-* [[Campinas Cathedral Shooting|Euler Fernando Grandolpho]]
-* [[Zug Massacre|Friedrich Leibacher]]
-* [[Luby's massacre|George Hennard]]
-* [[George Sodini]]
-* [[Gian Luigi Ferri]]
-* [[Suzano School Shooting|Guilherme Taucci Monteiro and Luiz Henrique de Castro]]
-* [[Jake Davison]]
-* [[Jaylen Fryberg]]
-* [[Jeff Weise]]
-* [[Kimveer Gill]]
-* [[Marc Lepine]]
-* [[Nghtmrchld26|Matthew Murray]]
-* [[Michael Kenneth McLendon]]
-* [[Michael Ryan]]
-* [[Mutsuo Toi]]
-* [[Nasim Aghdam]]
-* [[Nathan Gale]]
-* [[Pulse Nightclub Massacre|Omar Mateen]]
-* [[Pekka-Eric Auvinen]]
-* [[Randy Robert Stair]]
-* [[Robert Hawkins]]
-* [[Robert Steinhäuser]]
-* [[Santino William Legan]]
-* [[Sayfullo Saipov]]
-* [[Sebastian Bosse]]
-* [[Stephen Kazmierczak]]
-* [[Stephen Paddock]]
-* [[Thomas Watt Hamilton]]
-* [[Tim Kretschmer]]
-* [[Tobias Rathjen]]
-* [[Verne Troyer]]
-* [[Vladislav Roslyakov]]
-* [[William Atchison]]
-* [[Woo Bum-kon]]
-==See Also==
-*[[A and an]]
-*[[An Halo]]
-*[[An hero day]]
-*[[Bullying]]
-*[[Final solution]]
-*[[Golden iPod]]
-*[[Robert Seman]]
-*[[League of an Heroes]]
-*[[Lil Peep]]
-*[[Kate Spade]]
-*[[Mitchell Heisman]]
-*[[OldDirtyBtard]]
-*[[Ricky Rodriguez]]
-*[[Stiletto Null]]
-*[[Suicide]]
-*[[Suicidal Failure]]
-*[[The An Heroes of Bridgend]]
-*[[Tiziana_Cantone|Tiziana Cantone]]
-*[[Rorochan]]
-*[[My Hero Academia]]
-*[[Swayzak]]
-Or you could just look at the template down below.
-==External Links==
-*[http://stupidteencrimes.com/ Stupid Teen Crimes]
-*[http://www.onlinenigeria.com/articles/ad.asp?blurb=478 TAIWO AKINKUNMI - AN HERO WITHOUT HONOR]
-*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/7234115.stm Bridgend], where Heroes go to copy the [[Internets]].<br>
-*[[wikipedia:Frustration|The cause of an heroism on TOW]]
-*[http://archive.is/1PWKb A list of An Heros and Attempted Heros]
-*[http://archive.is/2YgDf LHC an hero!]
-*[http://mitchellanhenderson.ytmnd.com]
-*[http://www.depressed.net/suicide/]
-*[http://au.news.yahoo.com/a/-/mp/5743721/worker-commits-suicide-over-misplaced-iphone/ Worker commits suicide over misplaced iPhone]
-*[http://www.reviewjournal.com/news/las-vegas/suicide-m-resort-blamed-loss-free-buffet-life/ Man commits suicide after losing free buffet for life at casino.]
-*[http://archive.is/B29ln Some redneck kills wife, four others and self over EGGS.]
-*[http://www.darwinawards.com/ Big collection of heroes who did it for the lulz.]
-{{clear}}
-{{anheroes}}
-{{Dying_Alone}}
-{{Trolls}}
-{{Memes}}
-{{top16}}
-{{Timeline|Featured article April 20, [[2008]]|[[Aliza Shvarts]]|[[{{PAGENAME}}]]|[[God hates fags]]}}
-{{timeline|Featured article September 19 & 20, [[2018]]|[[Suicide]]|{{PAGENAME}}|[[Mitchell Henderson]]}}
-[[Category:An Heroes| ]]
-[[Category:People]]
-[[Category:Guro]]

An hero: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 11:33, 24 February 2022

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